Unit IV Med Review

Question 1

Metformin Trade Name

Answer 1

Glucophage

Question 2

Metformin Category

Answer 2

Biguanides

Question 3

Metformin Use

Answer 3

Type 2 DM

Question 4

Metformin Dose

Answer 4

500 mg bid initially, then 1000 mg bid (max 2500mg/day)

Or 850mg qday initially, then 850mg bid-tid

Question 5

Metformin AE

Answer 5

CI: CKD- Men SCr > 1.5, Women SCr > 1.4, acidosis, hypoxia, dehydration, IV contrast

AE: GI side effects diarrhea/abdominal cramping, lactic acidosis (rare), Vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 6

Insulin Trade Name

Answer 6

Humulin R

Novolin R

Question 7

Insulin Category

Answer 7

Insulin

Question 8

Insulin Use

Answer 8

Type 1 DM

Type 2 DM

Question 9

Insulin Dose

Answer 9

DM1: 0.5-0.6 U/kg/day initially,
then 0.5-1 U/kg/day divided (1/2 basal, 1/2 prandial)

DM2: 0.1-0.2 U/kg/day

Question 10

Insulin AE

Answer 10

Hypoglycemia, weight gain, mitogenic effects, injection
site reactions, atrophy or hypertrophy of subcutaneous
fat tissue

Question 11

Glipizide Trade Name

Answer 11

Glucotrol

Question 12

Glipizide Category

Answer 12

Sulfonylureas

Question 13

Glipizide Use

Answer 13

Type 2 DM

Question 14

Glipizide Dose

Answer 14

2.5-5 mg qd initially, then 1-4 mg qd

Usual dose: 5-20 mg qday (max 40mg qday)

Question 15

Glipizide AE

Answer 15

Hypoglycemia, weight gain, blunts myocardial ischemic

conditioning, low durability

Question 16

Exenatide Trade Name

Answer 16

Byetta, Bydureon

Question 17

Exenatide Category

Answer 17

GLP-1 receptor

agonist

Question 18

Exenatide Use

Answer 18

Type 2 DM

Question 19

Exenatide Dose

Answer 19

Initial: 5 mcg sq bid within 60 min ac
Usual:10 mcg sq bid (increase after one month; if BG not controlled then increase to 1.2 mg qday, then 1.8 mg qday

Question 20

Exenatide AE

Answer 20

GI side effects (N/V), acute pancreatitis (C-cell

hyperplasia/medullary thyroid tumors in animals)

Question 21

Pioglitazone Trade Name

Answer 21

Actos

Question 22

Pioglitazone Category

Answer 22

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)

Question 23

Pioglitazone Use

Answer 23

Type 2 DM

Question 24

Pioglitazone AE

Answer 24

Weight gain, edema, cause or worsen heart failure (2x increased risk), bone fractures, ↑bladder cancer risk

CI: class III/IV heart failure

Question 25

Sitagliptin Trade Name

Answer 25

Januvia

Question 26

Sitagliptin Category

Answer 26

DPP-4 Inhibitor

Question 27

Sitagliptin Use

Answer 27

Type 2 DM

Question 28

Sitagliptin AE

Answer 28

Urticaria/angioedema, pancreatitis

Question 29

Levothyroxine Trade Name

Answer 29

Synthroid, Levothroid, Levoxyl

Question 30

Levothyroxine Category

Answer 30

Synthetic T4

Question 31

Levothyroxine Use

Answer 31

Hypothyroidism

Question 32

Levothyroxine Dose

Answer 32

1.7 mcg/kg/day > 50 or CV dz: 25-50 mcg po qday > 50 w/ CV dz: 12.5-25 mcg po qd Myxedema coma: 300-500 mcg IV Take on empty stomach 30 min before meal

Question 33

Levothyroxine AE

Answer 33

HTN, tachycardia, insomnia, diarrhea, excessive doses can lead to Heart failure, angina pectoris, MI, reduced bone density Allergic or idiosyncratic rxns rare CI: acute MI, thyrotoxicosis, adrenal insufficiency

Question 34

Methimazole Trade Name

Answer 34

Tapazole

Question 35

Methimazole Category

Answer 35

Antithyroid Agent

Question 36

Methimazole Use

Answer 36

Hyperthyroidism

Question 37

Methimazole AE

Answer 37

Major (1.5-4.6%): agranulocytosis (in first 3 mo of therapy), arthralgias and lupus-like syndrome (usually after 6 mo), GI intolerance, hepatotoxicity: MMI usually in first 3 months Minor (5-25% incidence): pruritic maculopapular rash, arthralgias, fevers, benign transient leucopenia; cross sensitivity of minor AEs ~50% CI: pregnancy

Question 38

Orlistat Trade Name

Answer 38

Xenical Rx | Alli OTC

Question 39

Orlistat Category

Answer 39

Anorexiant/ Lipase Inhibitor

Question 40

Orlistat Use

Answer 40

Weight loss

Question 41

Orlistat Dose

Answer 41

Rx: 120 mg tid with each meal containing fat OTC: 60 mg

Question 42

Orlistat AE

Answer 42

CI: Chronic malabsorption syndrome or cholestasis, pregnancy AE: GI: oily or loose stools, fecal urgency/incontinence, bloating and gas, may worsen with increased fat in the diet, Interference with absorption of some fat-soluble vitamins (D, E and β carotene), rare cases of severe liver injury with hepatocellular necrosis or acute hepatic failure, rare acute kidney injury

Question 43

Phentermine/Topiramate Trade Name

Answer 43

Qsymia

Question 44

Phentermine/Topiramate Category

Answer 44

Anorexiant/AED

Question 45

Phentermine/Topiramate Use

Answer 45

Weight Loss

Question 46

Phentermine/Topiramate AE

Answer 46

AE: dizziness, insomnia, tingling in hands/feet, impaired cognition, may increase resting HR, suicidal ideation, cognitive impairment CI: pregnancy, glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, with or within 14 days of MAOI, hx of CV disease