UNIT IV: Eukaryotes Flashcards
Alga that infects potato crops
Phytophthora infestans
- are chemoheterotrophs, requiring organic compounds for energy and carbon
[Kingdom] Fungi
Study of Fungi
Mycology
Importance of Fungi
-Recycle vital elements
-Produce Cellulase to decompose hard parts of plants
-Symbiotic with plants [e.g. Mycorrhizae]
-Food (Mushrooms, Breads, Citric acid), and Drugs (Alcohol and Penicillin)
Characteristic of Fungi
-Chemoheterotroph
-Multicellular [except yeast]
-Unicellular, Filamentous, and Fleshy
-Produce Sexual and Asexual Spores
-Sterols present in Cell membrane
-Chitin cell wall
Multicellular fungi are identified on the basis of:
-Physical Property
-Colony Characteristics
-Reproductive Spores
Characteristics of Fungi according to [Vegetative Structures]
-Moldy and Fleshy
-Yeast
-Dimorphic Fungi
body of a mold or fleshy fungus
Thallus
Long filaments joined together with the thallus
Hyphae/Hypha
Hyphae containing cross-walls; which divide then into distinct uninucleate cell like units
Septate hyphae
Hyphae that does not contain septa, and appear as a long continuous cell with many nuclei
Coenocytic hyphae
Filamentous mass of Hyphae
Mycelium
The portion of a hypha that obtains nutrients
Vegetative hypha
non-filamentous, unicellular fungi that are typically spherical or oval.
Yeast
Yeast dividing unevenly [E.g., Saccharomyces]
Budding yeast
Yeast dividing evenly/symmetrically [E.g., Schizosaccharomyces]
Fission Yeast
Exhibit Fungal Dimorphism—two forms of growth (Can grow either Mold or Yeast)
Dimorphic Fungi
Dimorphism in pathogenic fungi is temperature-dependent:
-at 37°C, the fungus is [a], and
-at 25°C, it is [b]
[a] Yeastlike
[b] moldlike
Dimorphism dependent on CO2 concentration.
Mucor indicus
Allow a bacterial cell to survive adverse environnemental
Bacterial endospore
Forms a spore, that detaches from the parent and germinates into a new mold.
Fungal spore
Formed by the hyphae of one organism. When these spores germinate, they become organisms that are genetically identical to the parent.
Asexual Spores
Result from the fusion of nuclei from two opposite mating strains of the same species of fungus.
Sexual Spores
Types of Asexual Spores
Conidiospores (Conidium)
-Arthroconidia
-Blastoconidia
-Chlamydoconidia
Sporangiospore (Sporangium)
A unicellular or multicellular spore that is not enclosed in a sac; produced in a chain at the end of a conidiophore.
Conidiospores (Conidium)
Example of Conidiospores
Penicillium and Aspergillus
A type of conidiospore formed by the fragmentation of a septate hypha into single, slightly thickened cells
Arthroconidia
A type of conidiospore formed from the buds of its parent cell
Blastoconidia
A type of conidiospore formed by rounding and enlargement within a hyphal segment
Chlamydoconidia
Formed within a sporangium, or sac, at the end of an aerial hypha called a sporangiophore
Sporangiospore
Three phases of Fungal Sexual Reproduction
Plasmogamy (Haploid donor penetrates recipient)
Karyogamy (D+R fse to for diploid zygote nucleus)
Meiosis (Diploid nucleus produce haploid nuclei)
Types of Sexual Spores
Zygosporangium
Ascospore
Basidiospore
