UNIT I Flashcards
The science of small life
Microbiology
Father of modern taxonomy
Carolus Linnaeus
two-name method for identifying plants and animals
binomial nomenclature
composition of Binomial nomenclature
Genus+specific epithet
simple, single-celled organisms that has cell walls made of peptidogycan
bacteria
microorganisms often found in extreme environment
Archaea/Extremophiles
Eukaryotic organisms that obtains nourishments by absorbing solutions of organic materials in their environment; has cell walls made of chitin
Fungi
Photosynthetic eukaryotes that has cell walls made of cellulose
Algae
Unicellular eukaryotic microbes that moves by using pseudopods, flagella, or cilia
Protozoa
acellular organisms that are only considered to be living when they multiply within host cells they infect
Virus
hypothesis stipulating that living organisms arise form nonliving matter
Spontaneous generation
introduced the concept of Biogenesis
Virchow
killing microorganisms in the process of heating then rapidly cooling.
pasteurization
He developed a synthetic arsenic drug called salvarsan
Ehrlich
treatment of disease by using chemical substances; chemical treatment of non-infectious diseases.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapeutic drug produced naturally by bacteria and fungi
Antibiotics
chemotherapeutic agents prepared from chemicals in the laboratory.
Synthetic drugs
study of bacteria
bacteriology
study of fungi, including medical, agricultural, and ecological branches.
Mycology
study of protozoa and parasitic worms.
Parasitology
study of an organism’s genes.
Genomics
study of immunity
Immunolgy
Slimy layers on surfaces formed by bacterial communities
Biofilms
ability of the lenses to distinguish fine detail and structure
Resolution/Resolution Power
measure the light bending ability of a medium
refractive index
coloring the microorganisms with a dye that emphasizes certain structures.
Staining
Dye does not bind to the specimen, but rather around the specimen.
Negative stains/anionic dye
Dyes that binds to the specimen
Positive stains/ cationic dyes
Cells that retain a basic stain in the presence of acid-alcohol
acid-fast
special resistant, dominant structure form within a cell that protects a bacterium from adverse environmental conditions
Endospore
an additive chemical added to the solution to intensify the stain; used to improved bonding between the stain and the specimen
Mordant/Iodine
Decolorizing agent in gram staining
Alcohol
