UNIT I

Question 1

The science of small life

Answer 1

Microbiology

Question 2

Father of modern taxonomy

Answer 2

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 3

two-name method for identifying plants and animals

Answer 3

binomial nomenclature

Question 4

composition of Binomial nomenclature

Answer 4

Genus+specific epithet

Question 5

simple, single-celled organisms that has cell walls made of peptidogycan

Answer 5

bacteria

Question 6

microorganisms often found in extreme environment

Answer 6

Archaea/Extremophiles

Question 7

Eukaryotic organisms that obtains nourishments by absorbing solutions of organic materials in their environment; has cell walls made of chitin

Answer 7

Fungi

Question 8

Photosynthetic eukaryotes that has cell walls made of cellulose

Answer 8

Algae

Question 9

Unicellular eukaryotic microbes that moves by using pseudopods, flagella, or cilia

Answer 9

Protozoa

Question 10

acellular organisms that are only considered to be living when they multiply within host cells they infect

Answer 10

Virus

Question 11

hypothesis stipulating that living organisms arise form nonliving matter

Answer 11

Spontaneous generation

Question 12

introduced the concept of Biogenesis

Answer 12

Virchow

Question 13

killing microorganisms in the process of heating then rapidly cooling.

Answer 13

pasteurization

Question 14

He developed a synthetic arsenic drug called salvarsan

Answer 14

Ehrlich

Question 15

treatment of disease by using chemical substances; chemical treatment of non-infectious diseases.

Answer 15

Chemotherapy

Question 16

Chemotherapeutic drug produced naturally by bacteria and fungi

Answer 16

Antibiotics

Question 17

chemotherapeutic agents prepared from chemicals in the laboratory.

Answer 17

Synthetic drugs

Question 18

study of bacteria

Answer 18

bacteriology

Question 19

study of fungi, including medical, agricultural, and ecological branches.

Answer 19

Mycology

Question 20

study of protozoa and parasitic worms.

Answer 20

Parasitology

Question 21

study of an organism’s genes.

Answer 21

Genomics

Question 22

study of immunity

Answer 22

Immunolgy

Question 23

Slimy layers on surfaces formed by bacterial communities

Answer 23

Biofilms

Question 24

ability of the lenses to distinguish fine detail and structure

Answer 24

Resolution/Resolution Power

Question 25

measure the light bending ability of a medium

Answer 25

refractive index

Question 26

coloring the microorganisms with a dye that emphasizes certain structures.

Answer 26

Staining

Question 27

Dye does not bind to the specimen, but rather around the specimen.

Answer 27

Negative stains/anionic dye

Question 28

Dyes that binds to the specimen

Answer 28

Positive stains/ cationic dyes

Question 29

Cells that retain a basic stain in the presence of acid-alcohol

Answer 29

acid-fast

Question 30

special resistant, dominant structure form within a cell that protects a bacterium from adverse environmental conditions

Answer 30

Endospore

Question 31

an additive chemical added to the solution to intensify the stain; used to improved bonding between the stain and the specimen

Answer 31

Mordant/Iodine

Question 32

Decolorizing agent in gram staining

Answer 32

Alcohol