UNIT IV: Archaea & Bacteria

Question 1

responsible for translation, or the process our cells use to makeproteins.

Answer 1

Ribosomes

Question 2

responsible for reading the order ofamino acidsand linkingamino acidstogether.

Answer 2

rRNA

Question 3

taken from the mythological Greek god Proteus; presumed as the largest taxonomic group of bacteria

Answer 3

Proteobacteria

Question 4

includes most of the proteobacteria that are capable of growth with very low levels of nutrients; include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, chemoautotrophs, and chemoheterotrophs

Answer 4

α (alpha) Proteobacteria

Question 5

cellular appendage; protrusions such as stalks or buds in the cellular membrane

Answer 5

prosthecae

Question 6

Most abundant in the oceans on the basis of weight

Answer 6

Pelagibacter

Question 7

a soil bacterium that grows in close association with the roots of many plants, especially tropical grasses; NItrogen-fixing bacteria

Answer 7

Azospirillum

Question 8

industrially important aerobic organisms that convert ethanol into acetic acid (vinegar)

Answer 8

Acetobactereceae

Question 9

emerging pathogen found in patients with chronic granulomatous disease

Answer 9

Granulibacter

Question 10

gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, or coccobacilli. Arthropod-borne, spotted fevers; enter their host cell by inducing phagocytosis

Answer 10

Rickettsia

Question 11

causes Epidemic typhus (Vector: Lice)

Answer 11

R. prowazekii

Question 12

Endemic murine typhus (Vector: Rat fleas)

Answer 12

R. typhi

Question 13

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Vector: Tick)

Answer 13

R. rickettsii

Question 14

gram-negative, rickettsia-like bacteria that live obligately within white blood cells; are transmitted by ticks to humans

Answer 14

Ehrlichia.

Question 15

α (alpha) Proteobacteria found in low-nutrient aquatic environments; have prosthecae

Answer 15

Caulobacter

Question 16

α (alpha) Proteobacteria; a budding bacteria found in lakes

Answer 16

Hyphomicrobium

Question 17

group of agriculturally
important bacteria that specifically infect the roots of leguminous plants, such as beans, peas, or clover; form a symbiotic relationship, resulting in the fixation of nitrogen from the air for use by the plant

Answer 17

Rhizobium/Rhizobia

Question 18

PLant pathogen that invades plants. MOA: Insert a plasmid into plant cells, inducing a tumor

Answer 18

Agrobacterium

Question 19

the most common vector that scientists use to carry new genes into a plant cell because the thick wall of plants is especially difficult to penetrate

Answer 19

Plasmids

Question 20

Cat-scratch disease; caught from flea bites and flea dirt

Answer 20

Bartonella henselae

Question 21

small nonmotile coccobacilli & obligate parasites of mammals; causes Brucellosis

Answer 21

Brucella

Question 22

Chemoautotrophic; genera of nitrifying bacteria that are of great importance to the environment and to
agriculture. They are chemoautotrophs capable of using inorganic chemicals as energy sources and carbon dioxide as the only source of carbon, from which they synthesize all of their complex chemical makeup.

Answer 22

Nitrobacter & Nitrosomonas

Question 23

Key difference between Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas

Answer 23

Nitrosomonas oxidizes ammonium (NH4+) to nitrite (NO2-); Nitrobacter oxidizes the (NO2-) to nitrates (NO3-)

Question 24

most common infectious bacterial genus in the world; live in insects and other animals (endosymbiosis)

Answer 24

Wolbachia

Question 25

Often use nutrient substances that diffuse away from areas of anaerobic decomposition of organic matter, such as hydrogen gas, ammonia,
and methane. Several important pathogenic bacteria are found in this group.

Answer 25

β (beta) Proteobacteria

Question 26

Chemoautotrophic, oxidize sulfur (sulfur cycle): H2S -> [(SO4)2–]

Answer 26

Thiobacillus/Acidothiobacillus

Question 27

gram-negative bacteria with polar flagella forming a hollow, filamentous sheath in which to live and aid in nutrient accumulation; found in freshwater and in sewage

Answer 27

Sphaerotilus

Question 28

relatively large, gram-negative, aerobic bacteria; is found mainly in freshwater. Motile by conventional polar flagella

Answer 28

Spirillum

Question 29

often used as a demonstration slide when microbiology students are first introduced to the operation of the microscope

Answer 29

Spirillum volutans

Question 30

formerly grouped with the genus Pseudomonas; causes Nosocomial infections; motile by a single polar flagellum or tuft of flagella

Answer 30

Burkholderia

Question 31

has an extraordinary nutritional spectrum and can degrade more than 100 different organic molecules. May actually grow in disinfectant solutions. This bacterium is also a problem for people with the genetic lung disease cystic fibrosis, in whom it metabolizes accumulated respiratory secretions.

Answer 31

Burkholderia cepacia

Question 32

resident in moist soils and is the cause of a severe disease (melioidosis)

Answer 32

Burkholderia pseudomallei