UNIT IV: Archaea & Bacteria Flashcards
responsible for translation, or the process our cells use to makeproteins.
Ribosomes
responsible for reading the order ofamino acidsand linkingamino acidstogether.
rRNA
taken from the mythological Greek god Proteus; presumed as the largest taxonomic group of bacteria
Proteobacteria
includes most of the proteobacteria that are capable of growth with very low levels of nutrients; include nitrogen-fixing bacteria, chemoautotrophs, and chemoheterotrophs
α (alpha) Proteobacteria
cellular appendage; protrusions such as stalks or buds in the cellular membrane
prosthecae
Most abundant in the oceans on the basis of weight
Pelagibacter
a soil bacterium that grows in close association with the roots of many plants, especially tropical grasses; NItrogen-fixing bacteria
Azospirillum
industrially important aerobic organisms that convert ethanol into acetic acid (vinegar)
Acetobactereceae
emerging pathogen found in patients with chronic granulomatous disease
Granulibacter
gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, or coccobacilli. Arthropod-borne, spotted fevers; enter their host cell by inducing phagocytosis
Rickettsia
causes Epidemic typhus (Vector: Lice)
R. prowazekii
Endemic murine typhus (Vector: Rat fleas)
R. typhi
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Vector: Tick)
R. rickettsii
gram-negative, rickettsia-like bacteria that live obligately within white blood cells; are transmitted by ticks to humans
Ehrlichia.
α (alpha) Proteobacteria found in low-nutrient aquatic environments; have prosthecae
Caulobacter
α (alpha) Proteobacteria; a budding bacteria found in lakes
Hyphomicrobium
group of agriculturally
important bacteria that specifically infect the roots of leguminous plants, such as beans, peas, or clover; form a symbiotic relationship, resulting in the fixation of nitrogen from the air for use by the plant
Rhizobium/Rhizobia
PLant pathogen that invades plants. MOA: Insert a plasmid into plant cells, inducing a tumor
Agrobacterium
the most common vector that scientists use to carry new genes into a plant cell because the thick wall of plants is especially difficult to penetrate
Plasmids
Cat-scratch disease; caught from flea bites and flea dirt
Bartonella henselae
small nonmotile coccobacilli & obligate parasites of mammals; causes Brucellosis
Brucella
Chemoautotrophic; genera of nitrifying bacteria that are of great importance to the environment and to
agriculture. They are chemoautotrophs capable of using inorganic chemicals as energy sources and carbon dioxide as the only source of carbon, from which they synthesize all of their complex chemical makeup.
Nitrobacter & Nitrosomonas
Key difference between Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas
Nitrosomonas oxidizes ammonium (NH4+) to nitrite (NO2-); Nitrobacter oxidizes the (NO2-) to nitrates (NO3-)
most common infectious bacterial genus in the world; live in insects and other animals (endosymbiosis)
Wolbachia
Often use nutrient substances that diffuse away from areas of anaerobic decomposition of organic matter, such as hydrogen gas, ammonia,
and methane. Several important pathogenic bacteria are found in this group.
β (beta) Proteobacteria
Chemoautotrophic, oxidize sulfur (sulfur cycle): H2S -> [(SO4)2–]
Thiobacillus/Acidothiobacillus
gram-negative bacteria with polar flagella forming a hollow, filamentous sheath in which to live and aid in nutrient accumulation; found in freshwater and in sewage
Sphaerotilus
relatively large, gram-negative, aerobic bacteria; is found mainly in freshwater. Motile by conventional polar flagella
Spirillum
often used as a demonstration slide when microbiology students are first introduced to the operation of the microscope
Spirillum volutans
formerly grouped with the genus Pseudomonas; causes Nosocomial infections; motile by a single polar flagellum or tuft of flagella
Burkholderia
has an extraordinary nutritional spectrum and can degrade more than 100 different organic molecules. May actually grow in disinfectant solutions. This bacterium is also a problem for people with the genetic lung disease cystic fibrosis, in whom it metabolizes accumulated respiratory secretions.
Burkholderia cepacia
resident in moist soils and is the cause of a severe disease (melioidosis)
Burkholderia pseudomallei
