Unit IV Flashcards
Understanding the Human Biological and Sociocultural Evolution
Species are not immutable, but those belonging to the same general are lineal descendants of some other extinct species, in the manner as the acknowledge varieties of any other species.
Charles Darwin
Sociology and political science =
Sociology and anthropology =
Anthropology and political science =
All three =
Social
Cultural
Biological
Evolutionary Process
The origins and development of modern human can be explained through the study of
Biological and cultural evolution
Biological evolutionary process means?
Changes in the physical structure of the humans since the earliest hominids down to the modern humans.
Socio-cultural evolutionary process means?
Refers to the changes, or modification or development in terms of the way of life from simple to complex form.
Who proposed biological evolution?
Charles Darwin
Changes on genetics of a specie and is inherited by the biological population.
Genetic variation and natural selection.
Biological Evolution
Rules of natural selection
Every specie is made up of variety of individuals wherein some are better adapted to their environment over the others.
Produce progeny with different set of traits that can be inherited.
Organisms that have traits most suitable to their environment will survive and transfer this traits to their offspring in subsequent generations.
Pre homo stage?
Characterize as both apelike and human-like in appearance.
Hominids?
Group of early humans and human like creatures that walk erect during pre-historic times
Homo stage?
Possesses both biological and cultural characteristics of modern human
Lived for 6-7 million years ago?
Sahelanthropus
Apelike and human like characteristics
Height almost same as chimpanzees
Brain size about 320-380 cubic centimetres
Small teeth
Bipedal
Still living in the trees just like chimpanzees.
Sahelanthropus
Ape on the ground?
Ardipithecus
5.7 years ago?
Ardipithecus
Lives like chimpanzees but mostly on the ground
Ardipithecus
4ft
120 pounds
Skull similar to ape
Biped
Ardipithecus
Sub categories for ardipithecus?
Kadabba
Ramidus
Sounthern ape?
5 to 1 million years
Australopithecus
Brain size 1/3 of modern human brain Stood up right Bipedal Tool users not tool makers Stones and sticks for digging Small social groups Nomadic Omnivores
Australopithecus
Sub categories of australopithecus
Gracile -small teeth and jaw
robust- larger teeth and jaws
3.2 million year old australopithecus afarensis fossil
Famous hominid fossil discovered
Lucy
Who found Lucy?
Dr. donald johanson
The handy man
2.3 to 1.4 million years
Homo habilis
Brain size half of the modern human
Capable of making tools
Homo habilis
The upright man?
Homo ergaster or erectus
2/3 of modern human size 5 ft Upright Found fire Capable of using complex tools Spoken language Able to name things Religious
Homo ergaster or erectus
The thinking man
Homo sapiens
