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UCSP > 2nd Preliminaries Exam > Flashcards

2nd Preliminaries Exam Flashcards

1
Q

is an imposed membership.

A

Social Membership

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2
Q

TWO IMPORTANT PROCESSES OF SOCIAL MEMBERSHIP

A

Socialization and Enculturation

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3
Q

refers to a life long social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture

A

socialization

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4
Q

Learn the ways, values, rule, norms, and culture of the society

A

Socialization

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5
Q

This type of socialization happens when a child learns the values, norms and behaviors that should be displayed in order to live accordingly to a specific culture.

A

primary socialization

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6
Q

This type of socialization occurs when a person learns an appropriate behavior to be displayed within a smaller group which is still part of a larger society.

A

Secondary Socialization

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7
Q

This type of socialization involves a learning process wherein the focus in on developing our social skills.

A

developmental socialization

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8
Q

This type of socialization refers to the process wherein a person practices or rehearses for future social relationships.

A

Anticipatory socialization

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9
Q

This type of socialization involves rejecting previous behavior patterns and accepting new ones so the individual can shift from one part of his life to another.

A

Resocialization

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10
Q

is the process by which people learn the requirements of their surrounding culture

The process of acquiring the values and behaviors appropriate or necessary in that culture

A

enculturation

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11
Q

is a sum of a beings knowledge and understanding of his/herself.

It develops through social interactions or set of situations

A

Self-concept

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12
Q

Is the development of an individuals distinct personality, which is regarded as a persisting entity in a particular stage of life by which a person is recognized or known

A

Identity formation

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13
Q

INFO

A

“Individuals gain social identity and group identity by social affiliations”

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14
Q

Starts mimicking behaviors of the significant others around him

A

mirror stage

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15
Q

Learns subject and object and begins building self.

Gains understanding of various social roles

Child takes on different roles he/se observes in adult in the society

A

Play stage

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16
Q

Begins to function in organized groups and most importantly, determine their role.

They learn to understand interactions involving different people with a variety of purposes

A

Game stage

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17
Q

Understanding of the kind of behavior that is expected and is appropriate in a given social setting.

individual is able to imagine how he or she is viewed by one or many others—and thus, from a sociological perspective, to have a “self”

A

Generalized other

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18
Q

types of identity

A

SOCIAL IDENTITY

ETHNIC IDENTITY

NATIONAL IDENTITY

RELIGIOUS IDENTITY

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19
Q

It is part of our social identity and helps define our relationship with one another

A

status

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20
Q
  • it is a social position that a person receives at birth or takes on involuntarily later in life. It is a involuntary that sometimes we cannot choose like the race, ethnicity and the social class of our parents.
A

Ascribed status

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21
Q

-is a concept developed by the anthropologist Ralph Linton that is refers to a social position a person takes on voluntarily that reflects personal identity and effort. It includes: honor students, boxing title, nurse, software writer and a thief.

A

achieved status

22
Q

It refers to the behaviour expected to someone who holds a particular status.

A

roles

23
Q

-It is a conflict among the roles connected to two or more statuses.

It is a result from the competing demands or two or more roles that vie from for our time and energy

A

Role Strain

24
Q

can lead to the creation of damaged identities, which must be repaired in order to sustain social interaction.

A

Impression management

25
Q

Things that exist in society independent of individuals and that shape our thoughts and behavior

A

norms

26
Q

who viewed norms as the essence of social order

A

Durkheim

27
Q

The rules of behavior that are part of the ideology of a group.

are conventions of society; they are the rules and expectations by which a society guides the its members.

A

Norms

28
Q

2 types of norms

A

Proscriptive

Prescriptive

29
Q

stating what should we not do

A

proscriptive

30
Q

stating what we should do

A

prescriptive

31
Q

Culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable , good, and beautiful

A

values

32
Q

_______ and _____ are twin processes that flow from the enculturation and socialization processes.

A

conformity and deviance

33
Q

is coursed through the processes of ‘socialization’ where members of society starting from birth are exposed to the norms, values, and idiosyncrasies of their culture.

A

alignment

34
Q

is the anticipated behavior to follow. The section , nonetheless, depends on which goals are believed to be achievable given the available means , and which ones are achievable using unconventional means.

A

conformity

35
Q

makes sense within the context of cultural norms, how they change over time, how they are enforced, and the likelihood of events when these norms are challenged or violated.

A

Deviance

36
Q

“violations of the norm”.

A

deviance

37
Q

Italian criminologist working in the 1870’s even went as far as arguing that criminal types could be identified by a collection of an anatomical features. He investigated the appearance and physical characteristics of convicted criminals.

A

Cesare Lombroso

38
Q

Structural Functionalism

A

Deviance perform important functions in the overall operations of society.

Deviance promotes unity, serves as a moral compass, and provides oppurtunities where there are none.

39
Q

Historical conflict

A

Deviance in the forms of conflict. it is a form of civic action. it aims to rectify the unfair and unjust syndromes of social inequality. It is justified by the virtue of change it desires to achieve.

Deviance is a result of unequal distribution of social desirables and life changes. Historically speaking, deviant individuals and their unique insights are responsible for the development of society in its modern forms.

40
Q

Critical Interpretivism

A

Deviance is a result of the exercise of power. symbols and ideas are manipulated by powerful people in society in order to protect their economic and political interest.

What are deviant or not are standards set by powerful individuals and institutions. By conforming to these entities are able to maintain their privileged positions in the society.

41
Q

author of structural strain theory?

A

Robert Merton (1975)

42
Q

This theory traces the origins of deviance to the tensions that are caused by the gap between cultural goals and the means of people have available to achieve those goals.

A

structural strain theory

43
Q

are people who believe in both the established cultural goals of society, as well as the normative means for attaining those goals. They follow the rules of society.

A

conformist

44
Q

are individuals who do not believe in the established cultural goals of the society, but they do believe in and abide by the means for attaining those goals.

A

ritualist

45
Q

are those individuals that accept the cultural goals of society but reject the conventional methods of attaining those goals.

A

innovators

46
Q

are individuals who reject both the cultural goals and the accepted means of attaining those goals.

A

retreatists

47
Q

not only reject both the established cultural goals and the accepted means of attaining those goals, but they substitute new goals and new means of attaining these goals.

A

rebels

48
Q

It begins with the assumption that no act is intrinsically criminal.

A

Labelling theory

49
Q

Deviance is therefore not a set of characteristics of individuals and groups, but rather than an outcome of processes of interaction between the so-called deviants and nondeviants and the context in which criminality is being interpreted

A

Labelling theory

50
Q

author of social strain theory

A

Travis Hirschi.

51
Q

This is a functionalist type of theory that suggests that deviance occurs when a person’s or group’s attachment to social bonds is weakened.

This theory focuses on how deviants are attached, or not, to common value systems and what situations break people’s commitment to these value..

A

social strain theory

UCSP (5 decks)

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