FINAL

Question 1

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PATRILINEAL AND MATRILINEAL unlineal Descent?

Answer 1

Patrilineal focuses on the father side while matrilineal focuses on the mother or female side

Question 2

Difference between descent and lineage

Answer 2

descent refers to an individual’s child or offspring while lineage refers to a line where’s one descent is traced.

Question 3

what is groupthink

Answer 3

A process by which the members of a group ignore ways of thinking and plans of action that go against the group.

Question 4

what is networks

Answer 4

Taking advantage of your connections with people who have connections to other people who can help you.

Question 5

what is social aggregates

Answer 5

Do not significantly interact or identify with one another.

Question 6

what is social categories?

Answer 6

People who share common characteristics.

Question 7

Kinship by marriage definition

Answer 7

It refers to the type of relations developed when a marriage occurs.

Question 8

what is endogamy

Answer 8

compulsory marriage in their own village, community, ethnic, social, or religious group.

Question 9

what is exogamy

Answer 9

refers to a marriage custom where individual is required to marry outside their group.

Question 10

what is monogamy

Answer 10

Marriage to only one male or female partner

Question 11

what is polygamy

Answer 11

Marriage to more than one partner.

It can be Polygyny (a man has multiple female partners) 
and Polyandry (a woman has multiple male partners).

Question 12

kinship by rituals definition

Answer 12

Compadrazgo, literally translated as “godparenthood” is a ritualized form of forging co-parenthood or family.
These people who were chosen by the biological parents to act as witnesses during baptism, confirmation and marriage, becomes the spiritual parents of the child.

Question 13

_______ is considered the basic unit of social organization.

Answer 13

The family is considered the basic unit of social organization. It is made up of a group of individuals who are linked together by marriage, blood relations, or adoption.

Question 14

A _______ is a type of family that is made up of a group of people who are united by social ties is usually made up of two adults and their socially recognized children.

Answer 14

A nuclear family is a type of family that is made up of a group of people who are united by social ties is usually made up of two adults and their socially recognized children.

Question 15

A ________ is a type of family where the parents have a child or children from previous marital relationship but all the members stay and congregate to form a new family unit.

Answer 15

A blended family is a type of family where the parents have a child or children from previous marital relationship but all the members stay and congregate to form a new family unit.

Question 16

what is a band

Answer 16

Is a typically formed by several families living together based on marriage ties, common descendants, friendship affiliations, and member usually have a common interest, or enemy.

Politically independent

Blood or affinity

Less hierarchical

Social and Political Status is a function of age and gender.

Question 17

what is Informal Leadership

Answer 17

Accorded to member who possess certain skills and knowledge such as the gift of memory, hunting or healing skills, etc.

Reached by consensus

Small size of bands usually have this system

Question 18

what is band fissioning

Answer 18

Some members of the band leave to create their own, which referred to as “social velocity”

Presence of social discord that the informal leader can no longer sustain

Practically, there is practically no band that remains intact.

Question 19

what is tribe

Answer 19

A band that survives fissioning and social velocity, even as it experiences increasing population and a shift from a foraging and hunting community,

There is now a presence of multiple communities engaged in pastoral or horticultural forms of livelihood, eventually becomes a tribe.

Organized is through the presence of pantribal associations or referred to as “sodalities”. These come in the form of councils or tribal elders.

Question 20

what is village headman

Answer 20

This person heads the tribe.
Does not a absolute political power
Derives his authority from having a senior position, coupled with an ability to force others to obey

Question 21

what is chiefdoms

Answer 21

A political organization that is more defined

Formal leadership exists

Composed of a number of communities that is ruled by a permanent paramount chief coming form this elite family.

Power is inherited in chiefdoms

Heirarchical

Social classes exist

Class mobility also exist

Question 22

what is simple chiefdoms

Answer 22

Characterized by a central village or community ruled by a single family

A number of smaller communities surround this smaller community with each being headed by a subsidiary leader subservient central leader

Question 23

what is complex chiefdoms

Answer 23

Composed of several simple chiefdoms

This is a highly structured and hierarchical political system characterized by a class system

Lesser chiefs are obliged to give tribute to the paramount chief

In return the paramount chief performs rituals and performs functions, such as the conduct of symbolic redistribution of material goods, the awarding of titles, etc.

Question 24

what is nations and states

Answer 24

Out of the breakdown of political organizations, what emerged was the presence of groups of people that shared a common history, language, traditions, customs, habits, and ethnicity

These groups are conscious of their identity and of their potential to become autonomous and unified referred to as nations

Question 25

what is a state

Answer 25

A political unit consisting of a government that has sovereignty presiding over a group of people and a well defined territory and is the highest form of political organization A state becomes sovereign when it has the capacity of maintaining order within its territorial boundaries and that is recognized by other states as an independent member of the community of states The people that comprises a state are referred to as its citizens

Question 26

what is a nation

Answer 26

Despite its being historically constituted and having a common sense of identification among its members, as well as the consciousness of having the potential to be autonomous It remains a political entity that does not possess the status of being recognized as an independent political entity

Question 27

define authority

Answer 27

Is the power to make binding decisions and issue commands It is necessary for a leader to possess authority

Question 28

define legitimacy

Answer 28

It is a moral and ethical concept that bestows one who possesses power the right to exercise such power since is perceived to be justified and proper Legitimacy is not automatically acquired just because one has authority. This occurs when the authority was obtained through improper means like cheating in an election or when one is perceived to be underserving of power due to lack of qualifications. Hence, for authority to be binding and stable, it must be legitimate.

Question 29

what is traditional authority

Answer 29

Whose legitimacy is derived from well- established customs, habits and social structures

Question 30

what is charismatic authority

Answer 30

Whose legitimacy emanates from the charisma of the individual, which for some can be seen as a “gift of grace” or the possession of “gravitas” or an authority derived from a “higher power”, such as those that are associated with the divine right of kings

Question 31

what is bereaucratic authority

Answer 31

A kind of authority that draws its authority from formal rules promulgated by the state through its fundamental and implementing laws.

Question 32

what is a non market institution?

Answer 32

Refers to a form of economic institution that does not entail the exchange of cash for the rendering of service or provision of goods.

Question 33

what is a market institution

Answer 33

is a type of economic system that allows the free flows of goods between and among private individuals and firms with very limited participation from the government.

Question 34

what is international trade

Answer 34

Economic institutions are not only confined to one specific territory or geographic location

Question 35

what is nonstate organizations

Answer 35

Are political actors that are not directly connected to any institution of the state but are pursuing vital functions They transcend political and economic functions of national government These are cultural avenues where members can organized towards economic betterment

Question 36

define organization

Answer 36

refers to a formally constituted entity, composed of individuals performing a set of functions for the achievement of a certain mandate, obligation, or task.

Question 37

define institution

Answer 37

It is a structured domain of norms, rules, and practices that gives a sense of order to a specific set of relationships. It govern a given society or community, that are based on the community practices, and operate in the everyday lives of the people and not at the domain of the state.

Question 38

what is market and economic institutions?

Answer 38

It includes the corporate environmental users, such as corporations use the resource for profit, and not for subsistence.

Question 39

who threatens the security of our economy?

Answer 39

poverty

Question 40

especially between anti and pro-government forces, between ethnic groups, the rebellion in Mindanao, and the insurgency problem

Answer 40

conflict among groups, especially between anti and pro-government forces, between ethnic groups, the rebellion in Mindanao, and the insurgency problem

Question 41

caused by human and natural factors pose serious threats to our food security

Answer 41

agricultural problems, caused by human and natural factors pose serious threats to our food security

Question 42

what is international nongovernmental organizations?

Answer 42

they have the same mission as non-governmental organization but are international in scope and have headquarters around the world Advocating human rights, promoting the interest of the poor, relieving suffering, providing social services, and protecting the environment.

Question 43

what is multilateral financial organizations

Answer 43

not controlled by one country. They are international organizations that do not represent any government in their economic and technical engagements with any nation.

Question 44

what is bilateral financial organizations?

Answer 44

Conduits by which foreign countries can influence the development priorities of other countries, since they attach policy conditions to grants and loans. They are primarily mandated by their respective governments to provide economic assistance to economically challenged nations in the world.

Question 45

what is education?

Answer 45

social institution that formally socialize members of society process through which skills, knowledge and values are transmitted from the teachers to the learners.

Question 46

what is formal education

Answer 46

based in the classroom and provided by trained teachings and nonteaching's personnel approved curriculum, which includes the course outline, the prescribed number of sessions to finish the lessons and authentic assessments and outputs.

Question 47

what is nonformal education

Answer 47

organized educational activity that takes place outside a formal set-up It usually, flexible, learner- Centered, contextualized, and uses participatory approach no age limit as kids, the youth and even adults can take part in a non- formal education program

Question 48

manifest function of education

Answer 48

transmission of culture, skills, and values enforce social control by teachings its students respect for authority and conformity to rules and laws. encourages good behaviour and discourages bad behaviour

Question 49

latent functions of education

Answer 49

Venues for expanding peoples networks Social inequalities that originate from gender of the class difference may be reinforced and perpetuated in the educational system.