FINAL Flashcards
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PATRILINEAL AND MATRILINEAL unlineal Descent?
Patrilineal focuses on the father side while matrilineal focuses on the mother or female side
Difference between descent and lineage
descent refers to an individual’s child or offspring while lineage refers to a line where’s one descent is traced.
what is groupthink
A process by which the members of a group ignore ways of thinking and plans of action that go against the group.
what is networks
Taking advantage of your connections with people who have connections to other people who can help you.
what is social aggregates
Do not significantly interact or identify with one another.
what is social categories?
People who share common characteristics.
Kinship by marriage definition
It refers to the type of relations developed when a marriage occurs.
what is endogamy
compulsory marriage in their own village, community, ethnic, social, or religious group.
what is exogamy
refers to a marriage custom where individual is required to marry outside their group.
what is monogamy
Marriage to only one male or female partner
what is polygamy
Marriage to more than one partner.
It can be Polygyny (a man has multiple female partners) and Polyandry (a woman has multiple male partners).
kinship by rituals definition
Compadrazgo, literally translated as “godparenthood” is a ritualized form of forging co-parenthood or family.
These people who were chosen by the biological parents to act as witnesses during baptism, confirmation and marriage, becomes the spiritual parents of the child.
_______ is considered the basic unit of social organization.
The family is considered the basic unit of social organization. It is made up of a group of individuals who are linked together by marriage, blood relations, or adoption.
A _______ is a type of family that is made up of a group of people who are united by social ties is usually made up of two adults and their socially recognized children.
A nuclear family is a type of family that is made up of a group of people who are united by social ties is usually made up of two adults and their socially recognized children.
A ________ is a type of family where the parents have a child or children from previous marital relationship but all the members stay and congregate to form a new family unit.
A blended family is a type of family where the parents have a child or children from previous marital relationship but all the members stay and congregate to form a new family unit.
what is a band
Is a typically formed by several families living together based on marriage ties, common descendants, friendship affiliations, and member usually have a common interest, or enemy.
Politically independent
Blood or affinity
Less hierarchical
Social and Political Status is a function of age and gender.
what is Informal Leadership
Accorded to member who possess certain skills and knowledge such as the gift of memory, hunting or healing skills, etc.
Reached by consensus
Small size of bands usually have this system
what is band fissioning
Some members of the band leave to create their own, which referred to as “social velocity”
Presence of social discord that the informal leader can no longer sustain
Practically, there is practically no band that remains intact.
what is tribe
A band that survives fissioning and social velocity, even as it experiences increasing population and a shift from a foraging and hunting community,
There is now a presence of multiple communities engaged in pastoral or horticultural forms of livelihood, eventually becomes a tribe.
Organized is through the presence of pantribal associations or referred to as “sodalities”. These come in the form of councils or tribal elders.
what is village headman
This person heads the tribe.
Does not a absolute political power
Derives his authority from having a senior position, coupled with an ability to force others to obey
what is chiefdoms
A political organization that is more defined
Formal leadership exists
Composed of a number of communities that is ruled by a permanent paramount chief coming form this elite family.
Power is inherited in chiefdoms
Heirarchical
Social classes exist
Class mobility also exist
what is simple chiefdoms
Characterized by a central village or community ruled by a single family
A number of smaller communities surround this smaller community with each being headed by a subsidiary leader subservient central leader
what is complex chiefdoms
Composed of several simple chiefdoms
This is a highly structured and hierarchical political system characterized by a class system
Lesser chiefs are obliged to give tribute to the paramount chief
In return the paramount chief performs rituals and performs functions, such as the conduct of symbolic redistribution of material goods, the awarding of titles, etc.
what is nations and states
Out of the breakdown of political organizations, what emerged was the presence of groups of people that shared a common history, language, traditions, customs, habits, and ethnicity
These groups are conscious of their identity and of their potential to become autonomous and unified referred to as nations
what is a state
A political unit consisting of a government that has sovereignty presiding over a group of people and a well defined territory and is the highest form of political organization
A state becomes sovereign when it has the capacity of maintaining order within its territorial boundaries and that is recognized by other states as an independent member of the community of states
The people that comprises a state are referred to as its citizens
what is a nation
Despite its being historically constituted and having a common sense of identification among its members, as well as the consciousness of having the potential to be autonomous
It remains a political entity that does not possess the status of being recognized as an independent political entity
define authority
Is the power to make binding decisions and issue commands
It is necessary for a leader to possess authority
define legitimacy
It is a moral and ethical concept that bestows one who possesses power the right to exercise such power since is perceived to be justified and proper
Legitimacy is not automatically acquired just because one has authority. This occurs when the authority was obtained through improper means like cheating in an election or when one is perceived to be underserving of power due to lack of qualifications.
Hence, for authority to be binding and stable, it must be legitimate.
what is traditional authority
Whose legitimacy is derived from well- established customs, habits and social structures
what is charismatic authority
Whose legitimacy emanates from the charisma of the individual, which for some can be seen as a “gift of grace” or the possession of “gravitas” or an authority derived from a “higher power”, such as those that are associated with the divine right of kings
what is bereaucratic authority
A kind of authority that draws its authority from formal rules promulgated by the state through its fundamental and implementing laws.
what is a non market institution?
Refers to a form of economic institution that does not entail the exchange of cash for the rendering of service or provision of goods.
what is a market institution
is a type of economic system that allows the free flows of goods between and among private individuals and firms with very limited participation from the government.
what is international trade
Economic institutions are not only confined to one specific territory or geographic location
what is nonstate organizations
Are political actors that are not directly connected to any institution of the state but are pursuing vital functions
They transcend political and economic functions of national government
These are cultural avenues where members can organized towards economic betterment
define organization
refers to a formally constituted entity, composed of individuals performing a set of functions for the achievement of a certain mandate, obligation, or task.
define institution
It is a structured domain of norms, rules, and practices that gives a sense of order to a specific set of relationships.
It govern a given society or community, that are based on the community practices, and operate in the everyday lives of the people and not at the domain of the state.
what is market and economic institutions?
It includes the corporate environmental users, such as corporations use the resource for profit, and not for subsistence.
who threatens the security of our economy?
poverty
especially between anti and pro-government forces, between ethnic groups, the rebellion in Mindanao, and the insurgency problem
conflict among groups, especially between anti and pro-government forces, between ethnic groups, the rebellion in Mindanao, and the insurgency problem
caused by human and natural factors pose serious threats to our food security
agricultural problems, caused by human and natural factors pose serious threats to our food security
what is international nongovernmental organizations?
they have the same mission as non-governmental organization but are international in scope and have headquarters around the world
Advocating human rights, promoting the interest of the poor, relieving suffering, providing social services, and protecting the environment.
what is multilateral financial organizations
not controlled by one country. They are international organizations that do not represent any government in their economic and technical engagements with any nation.
what is bilateral financial organizations?
Conduits by which foreign countries can influence the development priorities of other countries, since they attach policy conditions to grants and loans.
They are primarily mandated by their respective governments to provide economic assistance to economically challenged nations in the world.
what is education?
social institution that formally socialize members of society
process through which skills, knowledge and values are transmitted from the teachers to the learners.
what is formal education
based in the classroom and provided by trained teachings and nonteaching’s personnel
approved curriculum, which includes the course outline, the prescribed number of sessions to finish the lessons and authentic assessments and outputs.
what is nonformal education
organized educational activity that takes place outside a formal set-up
It usually, flexible, learner- Centered, contextualized, and uses participatory approach
no age limit as kids, the youth and even adults can take part in a non- formal education program
manifest function of education
transmission of culture, skills, and values
enforce social control by teachings its students respect for authority and conformity to rules and laws.
encourages good behaviour and discourages bad behaviour
latent functions of education
Venues for expanding peoples networks
Social inequalities that originate from gender of the class difference may be reinforced and perpetuated in the educational system.
