UNIT III. THE MORAL AGENT

Question 1

a being who is capable of those actions that have moral quality
and which can be properly denominated good or evil in a moral sense

Answer 1

Moral agent

Question 2

refers to the existence or lack of virtues such as integrity,
courage, fortitude, honesty and loyalty

Answer 2

Moral character

Question 3

derived from the Greek word “charakter”. It came to mean a

distinct mark by which one thing was distinguished from others.

Answer 3

Character

Question 4

are particular kinds of properties or characteristics that objects can possess.

Answer 4

Dispositions

Question 5

is practically a disposition to do virtuous acts.

Answer 5

good moral character

Question 6

is a disposition to do vicious deeds.

Answer 6

bad moral character

Question 7

are those dispositions of character for which it is suitable to hold agents morally responsible.

Answer 7

Moral character traits

Question 8

lowest form of moral development, moral

code is controlled by the standards set before them and the implications of not following these standards.

Answer 8

Level 1

pre-conventional morality

Question 9

one does good because of avoidance of punishment

Answer 9

Stage 1. Obedience (punishment orientation)

Question 10

right behavior is defined by whatever the individual believes to be in his best interest.

Answer 10

Stage 2. Instumental relativist orientation (individualism and exchange)

Question 11

sense of morality is tied to personal and

societal relationship.

Answer 11

Level 2 – conventional morality

Question 12

seeks the approval of others and act in ways to avoid disapproval. There is
heavy emphasis on good behavior in order to be seen as good by others.

Answer 12

Stage 3.

Good boy or nice girl orientation (good interpersonal relationships)

Question 13

increased
awareness of the wider rules of society. Judgment concerns obeying the rules
in order to uphold the law and avoid guilt

Answer 13

Stage 4. Law and order orientation(maintaining the social order)

Question 14

level of full internalization, morality is
completely internalized and not based on external standards, judgment based
on self-chosen principles, moral reasoning is based on individual rights and justice.

Answer 14

Level 3

post-conventional morality

Question 15

awarenesss that while rules might exist
for the good of the greatest number, there are times when they will work
against the interest of a particular individual.

Answer 15

Stage 5. Social contract orientation

Question 16

have developed their own set of moral guidelines which may or may not fit the law. Have developed judgment based on universal human rights.

Answer 16

Stage 6.

Universal ethical principle orientation

Question 17

an act of the practical judgment of reason deciding upon an individual action as good and to be performed and as evil and to be avoided. Sometimes refer to as “little voice of God”.

Answer 17

Conscience