UNIT I – UNDERSTANDING MORALITY AND MORAL STANDARDS

Question 1

branch of philosophy that studies morality or the rightness or wrongness of human conduct

Answer 1

Ethics

Question 2

speaks of a code or system of behavior in

regards to standards of right or wrong behavior

Answer 2

Morality

Question 3

3 Importance of Rules

Answer 3

1. Rules are important for social beings.
2. Rules are meant to set order.
3. Rules are not meant to restrict freedom.

Question 4

4 Benefit of rules to social beings

Answer 4

1. Rules protect social beings by regulating behavior.
2. Rules help to guarantee each person certain rights and freedom.
3. Rules produce a sense of justice among social being.
4. Rules are essential for a healthy economic system.

Question 5

the science of the morality of human acts

Answer 5

Ethics

Question 6

may refer to the standards that a person or a group has about what is right and wrong or good and evil.

Answer 6

Morality

Question 7

that which are good and permissible actions. Those actions

which is in conformity with the norm of morality.

Answer 7

Moral actions

Question 8

that which are bad or evil and are not permissible actions.

Answer 8

Immoral actions

Question 9

that which are indifferent. Those actions which stand neutral in relation to the norm of morality. They are either good nor bad in themselves.

Answer 9

Amoral actions

Question 10

are those concerned with or relating to human behavior,

especially the distinction between good and bad behavior.

Answer 10

Moral standards

Question 11

2 Classification of moral standards

Answer 11

1. Consequence

2. Non-consequence

Question 12

depend on an outcome or result.

Answer 12

Consequence

Question 13

is derived from the natural law or the law of God

Answer 13

Non-consequence

Question 14

refer to rules that are unrelated to moral or ethical

considerations. Either these standards are not necessarily linked to morality or by nature lack ethical sense.

Answer 14

Non-moral standards

Question 15

refers to a situation in which a tough choice has to be made between
two or more options, especially more or less equally undesirable ones.

Answer 15

Dilemma

Question 16

also called ethical dilemma. These are situations in which a

difficult choice has to be made between two courses of action, either of which entails transgressing a moral principle.

Answer 16

Moral dilemma

Question 17

Features of moral dilemma

Answer 17

1. The agent is required to do each of two actions.
2. The agent can do each of these actions.
3. The agent cannot do both of the actions.

Question 18

Levels of moral dilemma

Answer 18

1. Individual
2. Organizational
3. Structural

Question 19

are those experienced and resolved on the personal level.

Answer 19

Individual

Question 20

refer to ethical cases encountered and resolved by social
organizations. It includes moral dilemmas in business, medical field and
public sector.

Answer 20

Organizational

Question 21

refer to cases involving network of institutions and operative
theoretical paradigm.

Answer 21

Structural

Question 22

Types of Structural Level

Answer 22

Differential vs. Integration
Gap vs. Overlap
Lack of clarity vs. Lack of creativity
Flexibility vs. Strict adherence to rules