UNIT III MAIN IDEAS Flashcards
Canada Economy: consumer-based economy
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Global Conflict
-WWI
Imperialism was one of the main causes for WWI. Many countries in Europe had the right to other lands which allowed them to build colonies all over the world. This is called imperialism.
Nationalism also was one of the main causes for WWI. Due to intense royalty towards their countries, many people were angered by the act of imperialism. This created tension through Europe.
Alliances were also important for causing WWI. When the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand occurred, as Austria Hungary announced war to Serbia, both of the countries’ allies will come to their help. As soon as their allies come to help, colonies of those allies will also join. Because the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance has so many colonies all over the world, the war soon turned international.
War Measurements Act
The war measurements act allowed the government to do anything necessary for security, defence, peace, order and welfare of Canada. They were allowed to control transportation, manufacturing, trade and agricultural production. They could take away civil liberties by censoring mail, arresting without charge and imprisoning or deporting if suspected of being a threat.
Explain 3 inventions and their effect
Armoured tanks were invented to protect crews when they go across the battlefield. The wall of barbed wire in front of trenches can be taken down by armoured tanks. This affected soldiers because this machine allowed enemies to enter their trenches.
The machine gun was an important invention that affected the war. Because the gun could be fired at such a fast speed, soldiers had no time to react. Going into open ground was considered suicidal because of these guns.
The airplane was a recent invention into the war. Airplanes allowed soldiers to spy on their enemies. Airplanes could also fly over battlefields and were equipped with machine guns, so passengers can easily shoot down their enemies. This invention caused many soldiers to be precocious in battle.
Battle of vimy ridge
Vimy Ridge was a strategically important area of land, controlled by the Germans. The French tried to obtain it 3 times and have failed each time. At April 9, 1917, the 4 division of the Canadian troop with the guidance of Julian Byng faced the Germans for the Battle of Vimy Ridge. It took them 4 days to completely occupy Vimy Ridge and was the first to do so. This victory emphasized Canada’s importance to the war and raised the profile of the Canadian troops. This also allowed Canada to make decisions for the Canadian Military overseas.
Treaty of Versailles
The treaty of Versailles is the document that sets out the terms of peace agreement. Treaty involved compensation from Germany such as; accepting responsibility for causing war, paying $30 billion for war reparations, reducing Germany’s territory and dividing it into 2 parts (given to Poland for corridor to the sea) and for the German army to be restricted to 100 000 men with no U-boats or air force.
Effects on Canada: Identity
Because of the Battle of Vimy Ridge Canada’s importance to the war and raised the profile of the Canadian troops. This also allowed Canada to make decisions for the Canadian Military overseas. After the war, the PM represented Canada at the Paris Peace conference (which was usually done by the British), signed Treaty of Versailles and demanded a seat for the League of Nations
Effects on Canada: Economy
Canada went into the war with a weak economy but by 1916 it was booming. PM Borden replaced the Shell Committee with the Imperial Munitions Board. They started building ships, airplanes and shells and employed thousands of Canadians to meet Belgium and England. But demands grew too high and supply could not meet, so prices rose. This made things more expensive but kept wages the same. To pay for the war, Canada had to introduce victory bonds and income tax
Effects on Canada : Women
Men were overseas so women took the roles of the men. They were hired to do all types of jobs such as; running fishing boats, farms; filling artillery shells. They rook the chance to have a campaign for the right to vote. The MB government allowed women to vote in 1916.
Effects on Canada: French-English
In the beginning of the war, the PM promised no conscription. But after the Battle of Vimy Ridge, more troops were required. With the use of the Military Service Act, Canadians were put into war. French Canadians didn’t feel patriot to Canada’s ally countries and felt like they were fighting a war that wasn’t theirs. This caused riots for anti-conscription in Quebec.
WWII
What did Hitler do to get Germany out of the Great Depression?
Hitler promised money to farmers to help rebuild their farms and supported public projects. Hitler also stopped paying war reparations and expanded his army, which violates the Treaty of Versailles. Soon, unemployment went down and the economy started to improve
Nuremberg Laws and effects on the Jews
Nuremberg Laws caused the Jews to lose their civil rights. They were limited to only working jobs that didn’t involve working for the government or law and medicine. Universities were also closed to them. This greatly affected their chance for a living. They could not use public facilities such as public transportation, parks, libraries, etc. Places and hours they could shop were restricted. They also had to hand in their valuables. More restrictions were piled up and on November 9, 1938, Kristellnacth took place. The Nazis began riots over Germany and Jewish property was destroyed. Many Jews were murdered and many were sent to concentration camps afterwards.
What is the Final Solution?
The Final Solution was a decision made in the Wannsee Conference, attended by top ranking Nazis. They sent Jews and other groups undesired by the Nazis to death camps. In gas chambers disguised as showers, they would be gassed to death. The Jews believed that they were being shipped into labour camps. By the end of the war, 6 million Jews were murdered.
How was Canada’s participation in WWI different from WWII
In WWI, Canada joined the war right when the British did, because they were a colony of the British. In WWII however, Canada was allowed to decide themselves if they were to participate. In WWI, Canada cheered knowing the war and was happy to serve Britain. In WWII, there were as many volunteers as the previous war but it wasn’t as happy of a mode as before.
Total War
Total War is when a country does whatever it takes to defeat the enemy. Howe was given authority to do whatever I took to gear up the economy to meet wartime demands. He forced Vancouver to build ships for the navy, Montreal to construct planes and bomber and Canada’s car industries to produce military vehicles and tanks. Munitions factories were opened in Ontario and Quebec. Farmers were told to make wheat, beef, dairy products, etc. Under Howe’s leadership, Canadians did everything to defeat the enemy.
