UNIT II PART 4 Flashcards
is a turning point in an individual’s life that produces an overwhelming emotional response.
Crisis
sometimes called developmental crises, are
predictable events in the normal course of life, such as leaving home for the first time, getting married, having a baby, and beginning a career.
Maturational crises
are unanticipated or sudden events that threaten the individual’s integrity, such as the death of a loved one, loss of a job, and
physical or emotional illness in the individual or family member.
Situational Crises
sometimes called social crises, include natural disasters like floods, earthquakes, or hurricanes; war; terrorist attacks; riots;
and violent crimes such as rape or murder.
Adventitious Crises
is a method of bringing about change in a person by exploring his or her feelings, attitudes, thinking, and behavior
Individual Psychotherapy
occurs when words and actions match
Congruence
is the ability of the nurse to perceive the meanings and feelings of the client and to communicate that understanding to the client.
Empathy
is the process of developing an understanding of one’s own values, beliefs, thoughts, feelings, attitudes, motivations,
prejudices, strengths, and limitations and how these qualities affect others.
Self-awareness
are abstract standards that give a person a sense of right and wrong and establish a code of conduct for living.
Values
are ideas that one holds to be true
beliefs
The values clarification process has three steps:
*Choosing
*Prizing
*Acting
is when the person considers a range of possibilities and freely chooses the value that feels right
Choosing
is when the person considers the value, cherishes it, and publicly attaches it to him or herself.
Prizing
is when the person puts the value into action.
Acting
are general feelings or a frame of reference around which a person organizes knowledge about the world.
Attitudes
is the study of distance zones between people during communication.
Proxemics
People from the United States, Canada, and many Eastern European nations generally observe four distance zones:
*Intimate Zone
*Personal Zone
*Social Zone
*Public Zone
This amount of space is comfortable for parents with young children, people who mutually desire personal contact, or people whispering.
Intimate zone (0–18 in between people)
This distance is comfortable between family and friends who are talking
Personal zone (18–36 in)
This distance is acceptable for communication in social, work, and business settings.
Social zone (4–12 ft)
This is an acceptable distance between a speaker and an audience, small groups, and other informal functions
Public zone (12–25 ft)
Aguilera (1998) identified three factors that influence whether or not an individual experiences a crisis:
*individual’s perception of the event
*availability of emotional supports
*availability of adequate coping mechanisms
Crisis is described as self-limiting; that is, the crisis does not last indefinitely but usually exists for
4 to 6 weeks
are designed to assess the person’s health status and promote problem solving, such as offering the person new information, knowledge, or meaning
Directive interventions
aim at dealing with the person’s needs for empathetic understanding, such as encouraging the person to identify and discuss feelings, serving as a sounding board for the person
Supportive Interventions
