UNIT II PART 3 Flashcards
focuses on a person’s positive qualities, his or her capacity to change (human potential), and the promotion of self-esteem.
Humanism
was an American psychologist who studied
the needs or motivations of the individual.
Abraham Maslow
to describe a person who has achieved all the needs of the hierarchy and has developed his or her fullest potential in life.
Self-actualization
was a humanistic American psychologist who focused on the therapeutic relationship and developed a new method of client-centered therapy.
Carl Rogers
focuses on the role of the client, rather than the therapist, as the key to the healing process.
Client-centered Therapy
The therapist must promote the client’s self-esteem as much as possible through three central concepts:
*Unconditional positive regard
*Genuineness
*Empathetic understanding
a nonjudgmental caring for the client that
is not dependent on the client’s behavior
Unconditional positive regard
realness or congruence between what the therapist feels and what he or she says to the client
Genuineness
in which the therapist senses the feelings and personal meaning from the client and communicates this understanding to
the client
Empathetic Understanding
is a school of psychology that focuses on observable behaviors and what one can do
externally to bring about behavior changes.
Behaviorism
people learn their behaviors from their history or past experiences, particularly those experiences that were repeatedly reinforced.
Operant Conditioning
behavioral principles of rewarding or reinforcing behaviors are used to help people change their behaviors in a therapy known as
Behavior Modification
involves removing a stimulus immediately after a behavior occurs so that the behavior is more likely to occur again
Negative reinforcement
can be used to help clients overcome irrational fears and anxiety associated with phobias.
Systemic Desensitization
considers how reinforcement influences behavior. Through reinforcement, a person learns to perform a certain response (behavior) either to receive a reward or to avoid a punishment.
Behavioral Theory
believe that behavioral deviations result when a person is out of touch with him or herself or the environment
Existential Theories
is credited with pioneering cognitive therapy in persons with depression.
Aaron Beck
A cognitive therapy using confrontation of “irrational beliefs” that prevent
the individual from accepting responsibility for self and behavior.
Rational Emotive Therapy by Albert Ellis
A therapy designed to help individuals assume personal responsibility (the
search for meaning [logos] in life is a central theme)
Logotherapy by Viktor E. Frankl
A therapy focusing on the identification of feelings in the here and now, which leads to self-acceptance
Gestalt Therapy by Frederick S. Pearls
Therapeutic focus is need for identity through responsible behavior; individuals are challenged to examine ways in which their behavior thwarts their attempts to achieve life goals
Reality Therapy by William Glasser
is the activating stimulus or event
A
is the excessive inappropriate response
C
is the blank in the person’s mind that he or she must fill in by identifying the automatic thought.
B
