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PNS > Unit II - Olfactory Nerve > Flashcards

Unit II - Olfactory Nerve Flashcards

1
Q

What are olfactory neurons?

A

Primary sensory neurons

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2
Q

What kind of neuron is the olfactory neuron?

A

Bipolar

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3
Q

Where are the olfactory neurons found?

A

In the epithelium lining the superior part of the nasal cavity.

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4
Q

What covers the olfactory epithelium?

A

A thin layer of mucous

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5
Q

Olfactory neurons are supported by what kind of cells?

A

Supporting cells

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6
Q

Olfactory _____ function as receptors.

A

hairs

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7
Q

About how many olfactory neurons convey information to the olfactory bulb?

A

10-20

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8
Q

What make up the 10-20 olfactory nerves?

A

Central processes (axons) bundled together

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9
Q

Are olfactory neuron axons myelinated or unmyelinated?

A

unmyelinated

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10
Q

What are olfactory neurons covered by?

A

Schwann cells

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11
Q

Olfactory nerves pass through what? Which bone is this part of?

A

cribriform plate

ethmoid

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12
Q

When the olfactory neurons pass through the cribriform plate what to they enter into?

A

The olfactory bulb

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13
Q

When the neurons enter the olfactory bulb what do they synapse on?

A

The detritus of mitral cells

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14
Q

What are formed at these synapses between the olfactory neurons and mitral cells in the olfactory bulb?

A

Synaptic glomeruli

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15
Q

Where is the cell body for the olfactory neuron?

A

In the nasal cavity (superior)

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16
Q

What is another name for the olfactory nerve?

A

fila olfactoria

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17
Q

What stimulates the olfactory neuron?

A

chemoreceptors

18
Q

Mitral cells are what type of neurons?

A

Secondary sensory neurons

19
Q

Where are mitral cell bodies located?

A

in the olfactory bulb

20
Q

Mitral cells relay information in what direction?

A

posterior

21
Q

Mitral cells relay information via the _____?

A

Olfactory tract

22
Q

At what area do the tract fibers split?

A

Anterior perforated substance

23
Q

What doe the tract fibers split into?

A

Medial and lateral striae

24
Q

What do the medial stria fibers do?

A

They cross the midline

25
Q

Where do the medial stria fibers cross the midline?

A

At the anterior commissure

26
Q

Where do the medial stria fibers travel to?

A

The opposite olfactory bulb

27
Q

Do the lateral stria fibers cross over?

A

no

28
Q

Where do the lateral stria fibers carry information to?

A

primary olfactory cortex
periamygdaloid area
prepiriform area, including the uncus

29
Q

The uncus is Broadmann area what?

A

34

30
Q

Where is the uncus located?

A

Medial aspect of the temporal lobe.

31
Q

What does it mean clinically that some of the fibers cross over to the other side.

A

Poor ability to segregate R/L smelling.

32
Q

What is the bridge where the two olfactory tracts come together called?

A

Anterior commissure

33
Q

How many neurons long is the olfactory pathway?

A

2

34
Q

The olfactory pathway is a 2 neuron pathway. An exception to the normal 3 neuron pathways. What is different about this pathway?

A

It bypasses the thalamus - DOES NOT SYNAPSE in the thalamus!

35
Q

What is the total loss of smell called?

A

anosmia

36
Q

What are two things to know about anosmia?

A

It’s rare and usually congenital

37
Q

What else can cause smell problems?

A

Skull fractures and CSF leakage

38
Q

What are two other pathways concerning the olfactory nerves?

A

Terminal nerve and vomeronasal nerve

39
Q

Is the vomeronasal nerve developed well in humans?

A

NO - poorly developed, used mainly to track prey in animals

40
Q

What is the terminal nerve for and where is it located?

A

autonomic (visceral) function, on nasal septum

41
Q

What causes CSF leakage here?

A

A tear in the dura mater

PNS (15 decks)

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