Unit II - Clinical Considerations

Question 1

What is strabismus?

Answer 1

Eyes don’t point in the same direction

Question 2

Internal strabismus =

Answer 2

Eyes cross (converge)

Question 3

External strabismus =

Answer 3

Eyes are directed away from each other (diverge) - down and out

Question 4

What is diplopia?

Answer 4

Double vision

Question 5

What is difficult with diplopia?

Answer 5

It is subjective; difficult to demonstrate objectively

Question 6

What is Ptosis?

Answer 6

Eyelid droops due to weakness of levator palpebrae superiors.

Question 7

What may be the cause of ptosis?

Answer 7

Oculomotor nerve lesions

Question 8

Oculomotor paralysis causes what two conditions?

Answer 8

External ophthalmoplegia

Internal ophthalmoplegia

Question 9

Internal ophthalmoplegia would involve what two things?

Answer 9

Inability to constrict pupil

Loss of light and accommodation reflexes

Question 10

What conditions are seen with external ophthalmoplegia?

Answer 10

External strabismus - eyes deviate down and out
diplopia
ptosis

Question 11

What is characteristic of trochlear paralysis?

Answer 11

It’s rare, internal strabismus which causes an inability to look down, which results in difficulty descending stairs.

Question 12

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia involves damage to what?

Answer 12

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Question 13

What happens with ophthalmoplegia?

Answer 13

When abducting there is nystagmus (jerky movement)