Unit II A&P II test

Question 1

trace the pathway of blood through the pulmonary system

Answer 1

R ventricle> pulmonary trunk> lungs> pulmonary veins>left atrium
(heart to lungs and back)

Question 2

trace the pathway of blood through the systemic system

Answer 2

L ventricle> aorta> systemic arteries>tissues> systemic veins(vena cava)> R Atrium
(heart to body tissues and back)

Question 3

3 layers(tunics) of blood vessel walls-
tunica externa

Answer 3

in connective tissue

Question 4

3 layers(tunics) of blood vessel walls-
tunica media

Answer 4

in smooth muscle
vasoconstriction-narrow or decrease in diameter
vasodilation-widening

Question 5

3 layers(tunics) of blood vessel walls-
tunica interna

Answer 5

in endothelium
simple squamous epithemlium

Question 6

continuous capillaries

Answer 6

least permeable
tight junctions(histological features)

located in (BBB)blood brain barrier and skin

Question 7

Fenestrated capillaries

Answer 7

moderately pereable
Histological features-Porous-absorption and filtration
endothelial cells
located in kidneys, small intestine, endocrine glands and choroid plexus of brain

Question 8

sinusoidal capillaries(sinusoids)

Answer 8

most permeable
conform to shape of surrounding tissue
Histological features_large molecules
exchange and modification
festrated
large clefts(gaps)
located in liver, spleen and bone marrow

Question 9

which has thicker walls
arteries or veins?

Answer 9

arteries

Question 10

which has a larger lumen,
arteries or veins?

Answer 10

veins

Question 11

A larger lumen provides More or Less resistance to blood flow?

Answer 11

less

Question 12

collectively, which vessel withstands lower blood pressure?

Answer 12

veins

Question 13

what is the purpose of valves?

Answer 13

prevent backflow

Question 14

where are most valves located and why?

Answer 14

lower extremities

Question 15

what is the purpose of contracting skeletal muscle near the valves?

Answer 15

push blood back to heart

Question 16

what happens when valves don’t work properly?

Answer 16

blood goes backwards and pools-like varicose veins

Question 17

what tunica are valves in veins composed of?

Answer 17

interna

Question 18

what carries blood away from heart?

Answer 18

arteries
arteries carry blood away from heart and form smaller divisions called arterioles
arteries=big
arterioles=small

arteries=away
veins=towards heart

Question 19

arteries and veins carry what kind of blood in the pulmonary circuit?

Answer 19

arteries carry oxygen poor blood and veins carry oxygen rich blood in pulmonary circuit
pulmonary:
arteries=O2 poor
veins=O2 rich

Question 20

arteries and veins carry what kind of blood in systemic circuit?

Answer 20

arteries carry oxygen rich blood and veins carry oxygen poor blood, in systemic circuit
systemic:
arteries=O2 rich
veins=O2 poor

Question 21

what carries blood towards the heart?

Answer 21

veins carry blood towards heart.
venules join to form larger veins
veins=big
venules=small

arteries=away
veins=towards heart

Question 22

what provides exchange of nutrients, wastes, gases ?

Answer 22

capillaries
capillaries are the only vessels that interact with tissues

Question 23

what is the general pathway for blood?

Answer 23

heart>arteries>arterioles>capillaries>venules>veins>back to heart

Question 24

what are the 3 types of capillaries?

Answer 24

continuous capillary
fenestrated capillary
sinusoidal capillary

Question 25

describe capillary structure

Answer 25

-wall is just endothelium(very thin 1 layer-tunica interna) -smallest diameter allows only 1 erythrocyte to pass at a time pericytes (mini muscle like cells) stabilize walls and control permeability

Question 26

comparison arteries= arterioles= capillaries=

Answer 26

arteries=expressways-fast arterioles=roads medium speed capillaries=back alleys and driveways-slow speed and pressure

Question 27

capillary beds means..

Answer 27

interwoven networks between arterioles and venules

Question 28

microcirculation is the...

Answer 28

blood flow through the capillary bed

Question 29

pathway taken depends on body needs sphincters do what after meals and what during exercise

Answer 29

sphincters open after a meal sphincters close or constrict after exercise

Question 30

how are substances transported? lipids and molecules (and gases)? water soluble solutes like amino acids and sugars? larger molecules like proteins?

Answer 30

--lipids and molecules are transported through simple diffusion through endothelial membranes --water soluble pass through clefts(gaps) and fenestrations(pores) --larger molecules like proteins are active transported in pinocytosis vesicles or caveolae

Question 31

capillary exchange filtration involves pressure

Answer 31

filtration>hydrostatic and osmotic pressures cause fluid to leave capillaries (arterial end)

Question 32

direction and amount of pressure depend on two forces pushing pressure and pulling pressure

Answer 32

Pushing pressure =hydrostatic pressure(HP) Pulling pressure =osmotic pressure (OP)

Question 33

NFP (Net Filtration Pressure) is

Answer 33

NFP=outward pressure - inward pressure) or (HPc + OPif) - (HPif + OPc)

Question 34

hydrostatic pressure always..

Answer 34

pushes out

Question 35

osmotic pressure always ...

Answer 35

pulls into