Unit I Test Flashcards
Define psychopathology
Study of symptoms and causes of mental disorders
Define etiology
Possible causes
Define psychodiagnosis
Attempts to describe, assess, and understand the situation
What are the different mental health professionals?
Clinical and counseling psychologist, mental/ family counselor, psychiatrist( only one to prescribe medication), psychiatric nurse and social worker, school psychologist, substance abuse counselor
What is our classification system called?
DSM-5
What is prevalence?what is lifetime prevalence?
Percentage of ppl in a population who have the disorder during a given interval of time
Existence of a disorder during a person’s life
What is the social stigma associated with mental illness?
Prejudice, discrimination, self stigma
What does demonology mean?
The study of demons used; the earliest idea for mental disorders.
Explain exorcism and trephining
Trephining the practice of making a hole in a patient’s skull
Exorcism cast the demon out
Explain the naturalistic thought.
Mental disorders come from the culture that one is in
Who is Philipe pinel?
Took charged of the mental hospitals removed chains, replaced dungeons with sunny rooms and encouraged exercise
Who is Emil kraeplin?
Defined syndromes based on clusters of symptoms, the foundation of the DSM used today
What is the drug Revolution?
Intro to psychotropic medications, naturally occurring lithium found to calm down patients, many made for different disorders, depopulation of mental hospitals
Multidimensional models suggest multiple paths to psychological illness. It combines…
Biology, psychology, social and cultural dimensions
Biological model…
The brain is the central organ for intellect so illness can cause strange behavior; treat the body and brain
The human brain…
Controls all functions
What is the function of the forebrain?
Controls higher mental functions
What if the function of the limbic system?
Emotions, decision making and memory
What is the function of the amygdala?
Implicated in many anxiety disorders is the fear circuit in the brain
Function of the neurons
Basic nerve cells that allow communication between the body and the brain
Function of dendrites
Receive incoming messages
Function of the cell body
The nucleus of the neuron
Function of the axon
Tube like structure extending from the cell body that transmits the message
Function of the myelin sheath
Covers insulates and protects the axon
Terminal branches and buttons
Treelike branches extending fro the axon that hold neurotransmitters that are released into the synapse in response to a message
Synapse
Space between 2 neurons
What are neurotransmitters
Chemical messengers involved in neural transmission
Basic idea is that ppl don’t inherit disorder but rather they
Have a predisposition to disorders
Biology based treatments
Antidepressants, anti anxiety, mood stabilizer and antipsychotic
Psychological illness is a result of
Unresolved unconscious conflict
Components of personality
Id, ego and superego, pleasure reality and morality principle
Explain Id, ego and superego
Id- pleasure principle
Ego- realistic and rational
Superego- conscience
Treatments for psychodynamic
Dream analysis free association and interpersonal therapy
Classical conditioning (Pavlov)
Learn through association
Operant conditioning (skinner)
Reinforcement-strengthening of a response by presenting a reinforcer as a consequence
Punishment- the weakening of a response by presenting an aversive stimulus as a consequence
Observational learning( Bandura)
Learn by watching others
Explain exposure therapy
Graduated exposure, flooding, systematic desensitization
Systematic desensitization
Gradually exposing the individual to levels of the feared stimulus
Flooding
Exposing the person to high levels of the feared stimulus
Explain cognitive behavior
Thoughts affect emotions and behaviors, ABC therapy with A being the event C being the reaction and B being the thoughts of the event
Explain humanistic existential
Humans need unconditional positive regard, focuses on helping ppl achieve the max potential
Explain the scientific method
Systemic data collection, controlled observation, and testing hypotheses
Reliability
Consistency of measurement
Validity
Accuracy of the measurement, the test measuring what it was supposed to measure
Standardization
Giving a test or measure the same way every time
What is a psychological assessment
Gathering information and drawing conclusions about a client
Why do we need a classification system?
A classification system allows for a diagnosis to be made
What is the current edition of the DSM?
DSM 5 TR
