Unit 2 Test Flashcards
What is anxiety and what are the criteria for anxiety disorders?
Anxiety produces tension, worry and physiological disorder
-unfounded tear, clinically significant distress,symptoms interfere with their day
What is the amygolala and what role does it play in anxiety?
Plays a central role in triggering state of fear or anxiety
Triggers “ fight or flight” response
How is serotonin linked to anxiety?
There is a reduction in activity
What are the psychological causes of anxiety?stressors, coping skills, anxiety sensitivity
Interpreting events as threatening; interpret physiological changes as signs of danger
- sense of control reduces anxiety
Define phobia
Strong, persistent, unwanted fear of a specific object or situation
What are the treatments for phobias?
Benzodiazepines ( Xanax, Valium)
SSRIs
Beta blockers
D-cycloserine
What is social anxiety disorder? Symptoms
Intense fear of being scrutinized or doing something embarrassing or humiliating in the presence of others
What are treatments for social anxiety disorder?
Exposure therapy
Define agoraphobia
Feared because escape or help is not available
Intense fear of at least two of the following:
-being outside alone
-traveling via public trans.
-being in open spaces
-being in stores/theatres
-standing in line or in a crowd
What is a panic attack? Can panic attacks occur with any disorder?
An episode of intense fear accompanied by physiological symptoms
- can occur with any disorder
Treatment to panic disorder
Bentos, Ssris; Beta blockers, of-cycloserine
Generalized anxiety disorder -symptoms, criteria
Persistent, high levels of anxiety and excessive, hard to control worry over life circumstances
-must be present on the majority of days for six months and impairment in life
-develops gradually
Causes of gad
Heritability factor, dysfunctional thinking
Treatment of gad
•drug therapy (benzodiazepines or antidepressants
- cognitive-behavioral therapy
Define obsessions, define compulsions
Consistent, anxiety producing thoughts or images
-overwhelming need to engage in activities or mental acts to counteract anxiety
What are the causes of OCD
Heredity,they reduce anxiety, control , intolerance of uncertainty
What are the treatments for OCD?
SSRIs antidepressants, flooding, response prevention
Anorexia nervosa(define, symptoms, and criteria)
Individuals starve themselves; detesting any weight gain
- extreme thinness
What are the treatments for anorexia?
Outpatient therapy(restore weight)
Psychological interventions(help understand dysfunctional attitudes
Bulimia nenosa(define, symptoms and criteria)
Recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging
-at least once a week for 3 months
What are treatments for bulimia?
Treat physical conditions,normalize eating patterns
-reduce rigid food rules and body image concerns
-develop sense of self-control
How can you distinguish between anorexia and bulimia?
Which has a better prognosis?
Anorexia is starving while bulimia is over eating with purging
-bulimia has a better prognosis
What disorder has the highest mortality rate?
Anorexia
What is binge eating disorder?
Involves bingeing, feeling of loss of control, and marked distress over binge eating episodes
-doesn’t involve vomiting, fasting or excessive exercise
Symptoms, criteria of bed
History of binge eating episodes at least once a week for 3 months
Causes and treatments of bed
Poor mood, decreased alertness, cravings for sweets
-similar to bulimia, include healthy approaches to weight loss
-factors that trigger overeating
-team strategies to reduce binges
What is the difference between bed and bulimia?
Binge eating doesn’t include purging unlike bulimia
What is the difference between depression and normal mood swings?
Depression continues for days, weeks or months, involves extreme reactions
- intense sadness and loss of interest in normally enjoyed activities
Define mood symptoms; cognitive symptoms, behavioral and physiological
Brief depressive and hypomanic symptoms
Define mania. Define hypomania.
Hypomania: increase levels of activity or energy(milder form )
Mania: even more pronounced mood change, behaviors prom euphoria to extreme irritability
Define Major depressive disorder, major depressive episode and persistent depressive disorder
Major depressive disorder: occurrence of at least one major depressive episode,no history of mania or hypomania
Persistent depressive disorder:depressed mood that has lasted for at least 2 years
Define bipolar I and bipolar 2
Bipolar I: at least one manic episode( with or without a history of major depression)
Bipolar 2: at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode
Lithium is best but why is it used with caution.
Used in batteries, clients have to be checked on regularly in case of death
Theories of depression
The way people think, learned helplessness
Treatments of depression.
Classes of antidepressants
Sleep deprivation followed by sleep recovery
Light therapy
2 subtypes of anorexia?
Restricting and binge-eating purging
Which eating disorder is more prevalent?
Bulimia
Body dissatisfaction
Is a robust risk factor for developing an eating disorder
Which personality trait is associated with anorexia?
Perfectionism
Most common complication from purging?
Erosion of tooth enamel
4 domains of depressive symptoms?
Mood, cognitive, behavioral and physiological
What is chronic depression for at least 2 years?
Persistent depressive disorder
Bipolar I or bipolar 2- how do you distinguish between the two?
Bipolar l has one manic episode with or without major depression while bipolar 2 has at least one manic episode with a depressive episode
What is the cognitive explanation for depression?
Rumination
What neurotransmitter is low with depression?
Serotonin
What causes panic attacks?
Have fewer serotonin receptors
