Unit I Review Flashcards
Unlike noncivilized cultures, civilizations always have…
cities.
The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers were the center of ____ civilization.
Mesopotamian
Unlike neighboring regions, central Asia was typified by ____ for much of its history.
pastoralism
What was the centerpiece of the Neolithic revolution?
Agriculture
The Indus River rises in the…
Himalayas.
What kingdom developed south of Egypt around 2000 BC?
Kush
Nomadic societies differ from most civilizations in what respect?
They are migratory.
Unlike the Paleolithic way of life, the Neolithic way of life…
developed in several different centers.
The first civilization of Mesoamerica was the ___ civilization.
Olmec
The Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations are best described as having developed…
separately.
The people that migrated into India and overcame the Harappan culture were…
the Indo-Europeans.
In comparison with the Maya civilization, the Andean civilizations…
faced much greater challenges in their physical environment.
The “mandate of heaven” is…
a philosophical concept.
Unlike the Sumerians, the Phoenicians traded…
by sea.
Hunting bands were limited to small groups because of…
limitations in the food supply.
It is probable that population growth ___ the shift to farming.
was both a cause and result of
Why was Mesopotamia more vulnerable to invasion than Egypt?
geography
The ___ dynasty was founded in 202 BC.
Han
By the late Han dynasty, the Chinese government employed about ____ bureaucrats.
130,000
Who was a philosopher that built upon the teachings of Confucius?
Mencius
What was the chief rival for Confucian philosophy in the Qin and Han eras?
Legalism
The destruction of many texts under Qin Shi Huangdi illustrates the emperor’s…
desire for complete control.
The period following the end of the Qin dynasty proved that Qin Shi Huangdi was unsuccessful in…
creating a stable government.
Public works such as canals fell into disrepair in the later Zhou era primarily because of…
political chaos.
Unlike Confucius, Legalists…
believed the government should take an active role in shaping Chinese society.
The Vedas were first recorded in…
Sanskrit.
What empire emerged in India around 300 BC?
Mauryan
Which religious figures are dedicated to a life of deprivation?
ascetics
In the classical age, India led the world in what area of manufacturing?
iron working
A stupa is a…
Buddhist shrine.
Both Hinduism and the Aryan conquests in south Asia had the same impact of ____ the caste system.
solidifying
The impact of Alexander’s invasion of India can be characterized as…
subtle.
What best explains the Gupta preference for Hinduism rather than Buddhism?
Hinduism gave stronger support to Gupta authority.
Compared to the Mauryan Empire, the Gupta Empire was…
decentralized.
Hinduism and Buddhism followed the pattern seen with Confucianism and Legalism. In both cases…
political change led to changes in the dominant ideology.
Unlike the warring states period in China, competition between Sparta and Athens was based on…
ideological conflict.
In his essay entitled “Rome and a Values Crisis,” what is Cicero’s thesis?
Romans should read widely.
The Persian Royal Road linked…
Sardis to Susa.
Who established the Persian empire?
Cyrus the Great
A polis is a…
city-state.
The Peloponnesian Wars can be considered the culmination of…
a long history of rivalry among Greek city states.
What tied ancient Greece and Persia closer together?
The conquests of Alexander the Great
Where Chinese rulers expanded territorially and assimilated other peoples, the Greeks…
established colonies.
The work of Ptolemy and Galen both illustrate what aspect of Hellenistic learning?
Its enduring legacy
Roman art and architecture can be said to have ____ Greek traditions.
borrowed from
In the Greek city-states, religion played the important role of…
maintaining a civic culture.
Politically, ancient Greece and Persia can be described as…
polar opposites.
What was arguably the most important force unifying the Roman Empire?
LAW
In Greece and Rome, slavery was intimately linked to…
warfare.
What is a major difference between the social structures of China and India between 600 BCE and 600 CE?
Confucian social hierarchy priviliged government officials.
Before 600 CE, large centralized empires, such as the Han, Persian, and Roman, extended their military power by…
developing supply lines and building infrastructure, including defensive walls and roads.
“What is recorded in the Buddhist scriptures is analogous to the scripture contained in the writings of Laozi in China, and it is actually believed that Laozi, after having gone to India, instructed the barbarians and became the Buddha.” -Yu Huan, Chinese historian, c. 250 CE
In the fictionalized account of the origins of Buddhism outlined in the passage above, Yu Huan’s purpose was most likely to…
assert the superiority of Chinese culture over non-Chinese cultures.
The development and spread of Christianity and Buddhism before 600 CE had many things in common except…
…the leaders did not both present themselves as divine.
Most early civilizations shared what characteristics?
Urban centers, growing populations, writing systems
