Unit I Core Vocabulary Flashcards
Core Vocabulary that covers Book I AP selections from Vergil's Aeneid, listed in order of frequency and relevance.
et
and (as the simplest connective of words or clauses); also, too, besides, moreover, likewise, as well, even
in
in, on (with abl.); into, to, onto (with acc.)
quī, quae, quod
who, which, that
hic, haec, hoc
this
sum, esse, fuī
to be
quis, quid
who, what
nec or neque
and not, also not, nor
tū, tuī, tibi, tē, tē
you (singular)
atque, ac
and (like -que, it connects words or thoughts which form a whole, but unlike -que gives prominence rather to what follows, and is rarely repeated)
ego, meī, mihi, mē, mē
I, me
ille, illa, illud
that
per
through, across, along, among (with acc.)
omnis, omne
all, every
ad
to, toward (with acc.)
dō, dare, dedī, datum
to give, hand over, deliver, give up, render, furnish, pay, surrender, grant
ipse, ipsa, ipsum
self, in person, himself, herself, itself, etc.
—, suī, sibi, sē, sē
himself, herself, itself, themselves
nōn
not, by no means, not at all
arma, armōrum, n.
implements, outfit, instruments, tools; implements of war, arms, weapons
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum
to bear, carry, support, lift, hold, take up
iam
at the moment, at the present moment, now, at this time, just now, at present
cum
with, along with (with abl.); when, while, since, although (as a conjunction)
tum
then, at that time, in those times
māgnus, māgna, māgnum
great, large
aut
or (introducing an antithesis to what precedes)
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum
to see, discern, perceive; (in passive) to seem
manus, manūs, f.
a hand; a band (of soldiers)
sī
if
prīmus, prīma, prīmum
the first, first
ā, ab, abs
from, away from, out of, by (with abl.)
urbs, urbis, f.
a walled town, city
deus, deī, m.
a god, deity
altus, alta, altum
high, lofty, elevated, great; deep, profound
bellum, bellī, n.
war
pater, patris, m.
a father
vir, virī, m.
a male person, adult male, man
ingēns, ingēntis
not natural, immoderate, vast, huge, prodigious, enormous, great, remarkable
medius, media, medium
in the middle, in the midst, mid, mean, middle
terra, terrae, f.
the earth
animus, animī, m.
the soul, intelligence, reason, intellect, mind
sīc
so, thus, in this manner, in such a manner, in the same way or manner, in like manner, likewise
sub
under, below, beneath, underneath, behind (with abl.); under, below, beneath, up to, towards (with acc.)
ut or utī
how, in what way; as, like; when; that, so that
tālis, tāle
such, of such a kind, such like, the like
sed
but, on the contrary, but also, but even, but in fact
tēlum, tēlī, n.
a missile weapon, missile, dart, spear, shaft, javelin
at, ast
but (introducing a contrast to what precedes)
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum
to say, speak, utter, tell, mention, relate, affirm, declare, state, assert
caelum, caelī, n.
the sky, heaven, heavens, vault of heaven
ōs, ōris, n.
the mouth; (in general) the face
hīc
here, in this place
multus, multa, multum
much, great, many
teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentum
to hold, keep, have, grasp, hold fast
ex, ē
out of, from (with abl.)
rēx, rēgis, m.
a ruler, king
tuus, tua, tuum
your, yours, of you (singular)
equus, equī, m.
a horse, steed, charger
lītus, lītōris, n.
the sea-shore, sea-side, beach
petō, petere, petīvī and petiī, petitum
to strive for, seek, aim at, repair to, make for, travel to
tantus, tanta, tantum
of such size, of such a measure, so great, such
corpus, corporis, n.
a body (living or lifeless)
fātum, fātī, n.
an utterance, prophetic declaration, oracle, prediction; that which is ordained, destiny, fate
agō, agere, ēgī, āctum
to put in motion, move, lead, drive, tend, conduct
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum
to come
sequor, sequī, secūtus
to follow, come after, follow after, attend, accompany
pectus, pectoris, n.
a breast, chest
inter
between, among (with acc.)
vōx, vōcis, f.
a voice, sound, tone, utterance, cry, call
vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātum
to call, summon, invoke, call together, convoke
unda, undae, f.
a wave, billow
vīs, vis, f.
strength, force, vigor, power, energy, virtue
ubi or ubī
in which place, in what place, where; when, whenever, as soon as, as
tōtus, tōta, tōtum
all, all the, all at once, the whole, entire, total
ante
(of space) before, in front, forwards; (of time) before, previously (with acc.)
ūnus, ūna, ūnum
one, a single; alone, only, sole, single; a or an
āgmen, āgminis, n.
that which is driven; a multitude, throng, host, troop, crowd; battle line
rēs, reī, f.
a thing, object, matter, affair, business, event, fact, circumstance, occurrence, deed, condition, case
gēns, gentis, f.
a race, clan, house
possum, posse, potuī
to be able, have power, can
sanguis, sanguinis, m.
blood
for, fārī, fātus
to speak, say
meus, mea, meum
of me, my, mine, belonging to me, my own
moenia, moenium, n.
defensive walls, ramparts, bulwarks, city walls
īgnis, īgnis, m.
fire
aequor, aequoris, n.
an even surface, level; the sea, ocean
nox, noctis, f.
night
oculus, oculī, m.
an eye
ventus, ventī, m.
wind
locus, locī, n.
a place, spot
rēgnum, rēgnī, n.
kingly government, royal authority, kingship, royalty; a kingdom
aura, aurae, f.
the air (in motion), a breeze, breath of air, wind, blast
domus, domūs or domī, f.
a house, home, dwelling-house, building, mansion, palace
caput, capitis, n.
the head
is, ea, id
he, she, it; this, that, the
dum
while, a while, now, yet; so long as, provided that, if only; until, until that
nam or namque
for, you see
campus, campī, m.
a plain, field, open country, level place
laetus, laeta, laetum
joyful, cheerful, glad, rejoicing, happy, delighted, full of joy
saxum, saxī, n.
a large stone, broken rock, boulder, rock
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductum
to lead, conduct, guide, direct, draw, bring, fetch, escort
labor, -ōris, m.
labor, toil, exertion
amor, -ōris, m.
love, affection, strong friendly feeling
contrā
in opposition, opposite, face to face, in front, on the other side; in turn, in return, back, on the other hand, likewise (with acc.)
longus, -a, -um
long, extended
super
above, on top, over (with acc. and abl.)
vertō or vortō, -ere, -tī, -sum
to turn, turn up, turn back, direct
cursus, -ūs, m.
a running, course, way, march, passage, voyage, journey
flamma, -ae, f.
a blazing fire, blaze, flame
āra, -ae, f.
a structure for sacrifice, altar
tendō, -ere, tetendī, tentum
to stretch, make tense, stretch out, spread out, distend, extend
iubeō, -ēre, iussī, iūssum
to order, give an order, bid, tell, command
mors, -tis, f.
death
cūra, -ae, f.
trouble, care, attention, pains, industry, diligence, exertion
genus, -eris, n.
a race, stock, family, birth, descent, origin, sort, kind
mittō, -ere, mīsī, missum
to cause to go, let go, send, send off, despatch
referō, referre, rettulī, relātum
to bear back, bring back, drive back, carry back
tollō, -ere, sustulī, sublātum
to lift, take up, raise, elevate, exalt
umbra, -ae, f.
a shade, shadow
volnus (vulnus), -eris, n.
a wound
mēns, mentis, f.
the mind, disposition, feeling, character, heart, soul
parēns, -entis, f.
a procreator, father, mother, parent
silva, -ae, f.
a wood, forest, woodland
clāmor, -ōris, m.
a loud call, shout, cry
īra, -ae, f.
anger, wrath, rage, ire, passion, indignation
mōns, montis, m.
a mountain, mount, range of mountains
simul
at the same time, together, at once, simultaneously
nūmen, -inis, n.
a nod; hence, a command, will, authority, divine will; divinity, deity
accipiō (adc-), -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum
to take without effort, receive, get, accept
classis, -is, f.
a class, great division; (fig.) an army, a fleet
sēdēs, -is, f.
a seat, bench, chair, throne; place, spot
vōs, vestrum/vestrī, vōbīs, vōs, vōbīs
you (plural)
diēs, -ēī, m.
a day
honōs or honor, -ōris, m.
honor, repute, esteem, reputation, praise, distinction
mare, -is, n.
the sea
coniūnx, -iugis, m./f.
a married person, consort, spouse, husband, wife
porta, -ae, f.
a city-gate, gate
saevus, -a, -um
raging, mad, furious, fell, fierce, savage, ferocious, cruel, violent, harsh, severe
vincō, -ere, vīcī, vīctum
to conquer, overcome, get the better of, defeat, subdue, vanquish, be victorious, win, succeed
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum
to make ready, prepare, furnish, provide, arrange, order, contrive, design
rapiō, -ere, -puī, -ptum
to seize and carry off, snatch, tear, pluck, drag, hurry away
nūllus, -a, -um
not any, none, no
pōnō, -ere, posuī, positum
to put down, set down, put, place, set, fix, lay, deposit
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum
to make safe, save, keep unharmed, preserve, guard, keep, protect, deliver, rescue
sīdus, -eris, n.
a group of stars, constellation, heavenly body, star
audiō, -īre, -īvī or -iī, -ītum
to hear
dea, -ae, f.
a goddess
vīctor, -ōris, m.
a conqueror, vanquisher, victor
faciō, -ere, fēcī, factum
to make, construct, fashion, frame, build, erect, produce, compose; to do, perform, make, carry on, execute
fuga, -ae, f.
a fleeing, flight, running away
premō, -ere, -essī, -essum
to press
aethēr, -eris, m.
the upper air, sky, firmament
arx, arcis, f.
a castle, citadel, fortress, stronghold
hūc
to this place, hither
adversus, -a, -um
turned to, opposite, before, in front of
currus, -ūs, m.
a chariot, car, wain, wagon
moveō, -ēre, mōvī, mōtum
to move, stir, set in motion, shake, disturb, remove
tellūs, ūris, f.
the earth, globe
tergum, -ī, n.
the back; the hide, skin
anima, -ae, f.
air, a current of air, breeze, wind; breath, life, soul
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsum
to pour, pour out, shed
prīmum
at first, first, in the first place, in the beginning
subeō, -īre, -iī, -itum
to come under, go under, enter; to come up, advance, ascend, draw near, approach
ūllus, -a, -um
any, any one
prō
before, in front of, for (with abl.)
longē
a long way off, far, far off, at a distance
āiō (defective verb, ăis, ăit, āiunt)
to assert, affirm, aver, say, tell, relate
ēripiō, -ere, -ipuī, -eptum
to tear out, snatch away, wrest, pluck, tear, take away
nāvis, -is, f.
a ship
spēs, spēī, f.
hope
tot
so many, such a number of
condō, -ere, -didī, -ditum
to put together, make by joining, found, establish, build, settle
cūnctus, -a, -um
all in a body, all together, the whole, all, entire
misceō, -ēre, miscuī, mīxtum
to mix, mingle, intermingle, blend
fluctus, -ūs, m.
a wave, flow, tide, surge
maneō, -ēre, mānsī, mānsum
to stay, remain, abide, tarry
pulcher, -chra, -chrum
beautiful, beauteous, fair, handsome
fīnis, -is, f.
that which divides, a boundary, limit, border, end
populus, -ī, m.
a people, nation
quā
on which side, at which place, in what direction, where, by what way
antīquus, -a, -um
ancient, former, of old times
etiam
now too, yet, as yet, even yet, still, even now
fortis, -e
Strong, vigorous, firm, steadfast, stout, courageous, brave, manly, valiant, bold, fearless
varius, -a, -um
diverse, different, manifold, changing, varying, various
canō, -ere, cecinī, cantum
to utter melodious notes, make music, sing, sound, play
dolor, -ōris, m.
pain, smart, ache, suffering, anguish
enim
for, for instance, namely, that is to say, I mean, in fact
frāter, -tris, m.
a brother
gerō, -ere, gessī, gestum
to bear about, bear, carry, wear, have, hold, sustain
imperium, -ī, n.
a command, order, direction, injunction; supreme power, sovereignty, sway, dominion, empire, supremacy, authority
soror, -ōris, f.
a sister
superbus, -a, -um
haughty, proud, vain, arrogant, insolent, discourteous, supercilious, domineering
vix
with difficulty, with much ado, hardly, scarcely, barely
patria, -ae, f.
a fatherland, native land, own country, native place
poena, -ae, f.
compensation, retribution, punishment, penalty, price
solvō, -ere, solvī, solūtum
to loosen, unbind, unfasten, unfetter, untie, release
annus, -ī, m.
a year
effundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsum
to pour out, pour forth, shed, spread abroad
iaceō, -ēre, -cuī, -citum
to lie, be recumbent, be prostrate, lie at rest
nemus, -oris, n.
a tract of woodland, wood, forest, grove
postquam or post quam
after that, after, as soon as, when
sedeō, -ēre, sēdī, sessum
to sit, remain, settle
sōl, sōlis, m.
the sun
sonō, -āre, -uī, -itum
to make a noise, sound, resound
audeō, -ēre, ausus sum
to venture, dare, be bold, dare to do, risk
cadō, -ere, cecidī, casūm
to fall, fall down, descend
forte
by chance, by accident
iungō, -ere, -ūnxī, -ūnctum
to join together, unite, connect, attach, fasten, yoke, harness
latus, -eris, n.
the side, flank
maestus, -a, -um
full of sadness, sad, sorrowful, dejected, melancholy, gloomy, despondent
patior, -ī, passus
to bear, support, undergo, suffer, endure
aperiō, -īre, -eruī, -ertum
to uncover, lay bare; to unclose, open
cingō, -ere, -xī, -īnctum
to go around, surround, encompass, environ, gird, wreathe, crown
cor, cordis, n.
the heart
homō, -inis, f.
a human being, man, person
optō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum
to choose, select, prefer, wish, wish for, desire
vester, -tra, -trum
your, yours, of you (plural)
causa, -ae, f.
a cause, reason, motive, inducement, occasion, opportunity
fessus, -a, -um
wearied, tired, fatigued, exhausted, worn out, weak
errō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum
to wander, stray, rove, roam; to be in error, err, mistake, go wrong, go astray
voltus (vultus), -ūs, m.
countenance, features, expression, aspect; face
deinde or dein
then, next, thereafter, afterwards
gravis, -e
heavy, weighty, ponderous, burdensome, loaded, laden, burdened
iuvō, -āre, iūvī, iūtum
to help, aid, assist, further, serve, support, benefit
membrum, -ī, n.
of the body, a limb, member
post
behind, after (with acc.); behind, afterwards, after, later
secundus, -a, -um
following, next, second; favorable, fair, fortunate
sinō, -ere, sīvī, situm
to let, suffer, allow, permit, give leave, let be
vetus, -eris
old, aged, advanced in years
aes, aeris, n.
crude metal, base metal, copper, bronze
certus, -a, -um
determined, resolved, fixed, settled, purposed, certain
pontus, -ī, m.
the sea
quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumque
whoever, whatever, whosoever, whatsoever, every one who, everything that, all that
dīversus, -a, -um
turned different ways, opposite, contrary
sine
without (with abl.)
velut or velutī
even as, just as, like as, like
sors, sortis, f.
a lot, a decision by lot, drawing; an oracular response, prophecy
subitō
suddenly, immediately, unexpectedly, at once
unde
from which place, from where, whence
dolus, -ī, m.
a device, artifice, trick
inimīcus, -a, -um
unfriendly, hostile, inimical
numerus, -ī, m.
a number
ops, opis, f.
power, might; aid, help; property, substance, wealth
auris, -is, f.
the ear
celer, -eris, -ere
swift, fleet, quick, speedy
fōrma, -ae, f.
a form, contour, figure, shape, appearance, looks
impōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum
to place upon, set on, impose, establish, introduce, set, place
levis, -e
light, not heavy
quoque
also, too
tūtus, -a, -um
guarded, safe, secure, out of danger
cārus, -a, -um
dear, precious, valued, esteemed, beloved
convertō, -ere, -tī, -sum
to turn round, cause to turn, turn back, reverse, direct
īnferō, -ferre, intulī, inlātum
to bring in, introduce, bring to, carry in
vehō, -ere, vexī, vectum
to bear, carry, convey, draw
cornū, -ūs, n.
a horn, antler
dulcis, -e
sweet
furor, -ōris, m.
a raving, rage, madness, fury, passion
magis
more, in a higher degree, more completely
humus, -ī, f.
the earth, ground, soil
pietās, -ātis, f.
dutiful conduct, sense of duty, religiousness, devotion, piety
saepe
often, oft, oftentimes, many times, frequently
vinculum or vinclum, -ī, n.
a means of binding, fastening, band, bond, rope, cord, fetter, tie
claudō, -ere, -sī, -sum
to shut, close, shut up
cōnsistō, -ere, -stitī, -stitum
to stand still, stand, halt, stop, take a stand, post oneself
fax, facis, f.
a torch, firebrand
quisquam, quaequam, quicquam or quidquam , n.
any, any one
similis, -e
like, resembling, similar
turba, -ae, f.
a turmoil, uproar, disorder, tumult, commotion, disturbance; a great number, throng, multitude, crowd
abeō, -īre, iī, itum
to go from, go away, go off, go forth, go, depart
aeternus, -a, -um
of an age, lasting, enduring, permanent, endless
aqua, -ae, f.
water
colō, -ere, coluī, cultum
to till, tend, care for, cultivate
ōlim
at that time, some time ago, once upon a time, once, formerly, of old
praetereā
in addition, beyond this, further, besides, moreover
regō, -ere, rēxī, rēctum
to keep straight, guide, conduct, direct, control, rule
superī, -ōrum, m.
those who are above, the gods above
trēs (trīs), tria
three
vīnum, -ī, n.
wine
nī
not; if not, unless
portō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum
to bear, carry, convey, take
potēns, -entis
able, mighty, strong, powerful, potent
recipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum
to take back, bring back, retake, regain, recover; to receive, accept
sinus, -ūs, m.
a bent surface, curve, fold, hollow, coil; the bosom, lap; a bay, gulf
aeger, -gra, -grum
unwell, ill, sick, diseased, suffering, feeble
frangō, -ere, frēgi, frāctum
to break in pieces, dash to pieces, shiver, shatter, fracture
adeō, -īre, -iī, -itum
to go to, come to, come up to, approach, draw near
appāreō (adp-), -ēre, -uī, -itum
to appear, come in sight, make an appearance
lateō, -ēre, -uī
to lurk, lie hid, be concealed, escape notice, skulk
compōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum
to bring together, place together, collect, unite, join, connect, aggregate
conligō or colligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lēctum
to gather, collect, assemble, bring together
dīves, itis
rich, wealthy, opulent
frōns, -ontis, f.
the forehead, brow, front
ob
on account of, for, because of, by reason of, for the sake of (with acc.)
sentiō, -īre, sēnsī, sensum
to discern by sense, feel, hear, see, perceive, be sensible of
validus, -a, -um
strong, stout, able, powerful, robust, vigorous
meminī, -isse
(a defective verb) to remember, recollect, think of, is mindful of
tempestās, -ātis, f.
a portion of time, point of time, time, season, period; a storm, tempest
contingō, -ere, -tigī, -tāctum
to touch, reach, take hold of, seize
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītum
to know, understand, perceive, have knowledge of, be skilled in
hiems (hiemps), -emis, f.
the winter, winter time, rainy season, a storm
magister, -trī, m.
a master, chief, head, superior, director, president, leader, commander, conductor
ostendō, -ere, -dī, -tum
to stretch out, spread before, expose to view, show, point out, exhibit, display
revocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum
to call again, call back, recall
timor, -ōris, m.
fear, dread, apprehension, timidity, alarm, anxiety
accēdō (adc-), -ere, -cessī, -cessum
to go to, come to, come near, draw near, approach, enter
metuō, -ere, -uī
to fear, be afraid, stand in fear, be apprehensive
praesēns, -entis
at hand, in sight, present, in person
priusquam or prius quam
before that, before; sooner, rather
studium, -ī, n.
application, assiduity, zeal, eagerness, fondness, inclination, desire, exertion, endeavor, study
exigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctum
to drive out, push forth, thrust out, take out, expel
experior, -īrī, -pertus
to try, prove, test, experience, endure
vetō, -āre, -uī, -itum
not to suffer, not to permit, to oppose, forbid, prohibit
bonus, -a, -um
good
volgus or vulgus, -ī, n.
the mass, multitude, people, public, crowd
caelestis, -is
of heaven, from heaven, of the heavens, heavenly, celestial
īnsula, -ae, f.
an island, isle
proprius, -a, -um
not common with others, own special, several, individual, peculiar, particular, proper
rārus, -a, -um
of loose texture, thin, rare, not thick; far apart, scattered, dispersed, straggling
suscipiō (succipiō), -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum
to take, catch, take up, lift up, receive; to undertake, assume, begin
doleō, -ēre, -uī, -itum
to feel pain, suffer, be in pain, ache
ēgredior, -ī, -gressus
to go out, come forth, march out, go away
iniūria, -ae, f.
an injustice, wrong, outrage, injury, insult
fugō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum
to cause to flee, put to flight, drive off, chase away, rout
laedō, -ere, -sī, -sum
to hurt, wound, injure, damage
quippe
of course, as you see, obviously, as one might expect, naturally, by all means
ūtor, ūtī, ūsus
to use, make use of, employ, profit by, take advantage of, enjoy, serve oneself with
illīc
in that place, yonder, there
praestō, -āre, -itī, -ātum or -itum
to stand out, be superior, be better
beātus, -a, -um
happy, prosperous, blessed, fortunate
corrumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptum
to destroy, ruin, waste
efficiō (ecficiō), -ere, -fēcī, -fectum
to make out, work out, bring to pass, bring about, effect, cause, produce, make, form, execute, finish, complete, accomplish
iūdicium, -ī, n.
a judgment, judicial investigation, trial, legal process, sentence
alius, -a, -ud
another, other, different
pars, partis, f.
a part, piece, portion, share, division, section
tēctum, -ī, n.
a covered structure, roofed enclosure, shelter, house, dwelling, abode, roof
mūrus, -ī, m.
a wall, city wall
via, -ae, f.
a way, highway, road, path, street
novus, -a, -um
new, not old, young, fresh, recent
cernō, -ere, crēvī, crētum
to separate, part, sift; to distinguish, discern, make out, perceive, see
surgō, -ere, surrēxī, surrectum
to rise, arise, get up, stand up
quālis, -e
of what sort, of what nature, what kind of a; of such a sort, kind, or nature, such as, as
legō, -ere, lēgī, lēctum
to bring together, gather, choose; to read
quondam
at some time, at one time, once, formerly
opus, -eris, n.
work, labor, toil
exerceō, -ēre, -uī, -itum
to drive, keep busy, keep at work, oversee, work, agitate
mīror, -ārī, -ātus
to wonder, marvel, be astonished, be amazed, admire
decus, -oris, n.
grace, glory, honor, dignity, splendor, beauty
sānctus, -a, -um
consecrated, sacred, inviolable
iūs, iūris, n.
that which is binding, right, justice, duty, law
ēdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductum
to lead forth, draw out, bring off, take away
pecus, pecoris, n.
cattle
ascendō, -ere, -scendī, -scēnsum
to mount, climb, ascend, scale, go up
onus, -eris, n.
a load, burden
rūs, rūris, n.
the country, lands, fields
senātus, -ūs, m.
the council of the elders, council of state, Senate
nunc
now, at present, at this time
eō, īre, īvī or iī, itum
to go, walk, ride, sail, fly, move, pass
dē
from, away from, down from, out of, about (with abl.)
ferrum, -ī, n.
iron
noster, -stra, -strum
our, our own, ours, of us
nōmen, -inis, n.
a means of knowing, name
iuvenis, -is
a young person, youth
nōs, nostrum/nostrī, nōbīs, nōs, nōbīs
we, us
miser, -era, -erum
wretched, unfortunate, miserable, pitiable, lamentable, in distress
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itum
to have, hold, support, carry, wear
dūrus, -a, -um
hard (to the touch); harsh, rough, stern, unyielding, unfeeling
fāma, -ae, f.
a report, rumor, saying, talk, tradition, reputation
īdem, eadem, idem
the same
adsum (assum), adesse, adfuī
to be at, be present, be at hand
arvum, -ī, n.
an arable field, cultivated land, field, ploughed land
ōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum
to speak, argue, plead, pray, beg, implore
dux, ducis, m./f.
a leader, conductor, guide
mōs, mōris, m.
a will, way, habit, manner, fashion, custom, practice
sīve or seu
or if
turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum
to make an uproar, move confusedly, be in disorder
volō, velle, voluī
to will, wish, want, purpose, be minded, determine
fortūna, -ae, f.
chance, hap, luck, fate, fortune
trahō, -ere, trāxī, tractum
to draw, drag, haul, train along, draw off, pull forth, drag away
virtūs, -ūtis, f.
manliness, manhood, strength, vigor, bravery, courage, excellence
metus, -ūs, m.
fear, dread, apprehension, anxiety
extrēmus, -a, -um
outermost, utmost, extreme, farthest, last
pius, -a, -um
dutiful, pious, devout, conscientious, religious
aspiciō (ads-), -ere, -ēxī, -ectum
to look at, look upon, behold, look
caecus, -a, -um
not seeing, blind; invisible, concealed, hidden, secret, obscure, dark
templum, -ī, n.
a temple, shrine, sanctuary
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum
to go over, rise above, overtop, surmount, transcend
auxilium, -ī, n.
help, aid, assistance, support, succor
mīlle (pl. mīlia or mīllia)
a thousand, ten hundred
alter, -tera, -terum
one, another, the one, the other (of two)
rīpa, -ae, f.
a bank, margin (of a river)
iugum, -ī, n.
a yoke, collar; a height, summit, ridge, chain of mountains
licet, -ēre, licuit and licitum est
it is lawful, is allowed, is permitted; even if, although, notwithstanding
prior, prius
former, previous, prior, first
ārdeō, -ēre, -sī, -sum
to be on fire, burn, blaze, be burned, glow
mortālis, -e
subject to death, destined to die, mortal
cōgō, -ere, coēgī, coāctum
to drive together, collect, crowd, bring together, summon, congregate, convene
custōs, -ōdis, f.
a guard, watch, preserver, keeper, overseer, protector, defender, attendant
clārus, -a, -um
clear, bright, shining, brilliant
tam
in such a degree, as much, so, so much
certō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum
to match, vie with, fight, contend, struggle, combat, do battle
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum
to hope, look for, trust, expect, promise oneself
adeō
so, so much, so very
māior, māius
greater, larger (comparative of magnus)
praeda, -ae, f.
property taken in war, booty, spoil, plunder, pillage
paucus, -a, -um
few, little
salūs, -ūtis, f.
soundness, health, good health, vigor, safety
lēx, lēgis, f.
a law, bill, regulation, principle, rule
parcō, -ere, pepercī, parsum
to act sparingly, be sparing, spare, refrain from, use moderately
regiō, -ōnis, f.
a direction, line; a boundary, territory, region
statuō, -ere, -uī, -ūtum
to cause to stand, set up, set, station, fix upright, erect, plant
adhūc
until now, heretofore, hitherto, as yet, to this point, to this place
iūstus, -a, -um
just, upright, righteous, right
prohibeō, -ēre, -uī, -itum
to hold before, hold back, keep away, check, restrain, hinder, prevent, avert, keep off
breviter
shortly; briefly, in brief, in few words
coepiō, -ere, coepī, coeptum
to begin, commence
cōpia, -ae, f.
an abundance, ample supply, plenty
dīmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum
to send different ways, send out, send forth, send about, scatter, distribute
gaudium, -ī, n.
inward joy, joy, gladness, delight
nēsciō, -īre, -īvī
not to know, to be ignorant
permittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum
to let pass, let go, let loose, hurl
hūmānus, -a, -um
of man, human
barbarus, -a, -um
of strange speech, barbaric, foreign, savage
officium, -ī, n.
service, favor; duty, obligation, office
