Unit Five Flashcards by mackenzie sobstishin

What is the difference between a rock and a mineral

A rock is many minerals put together

A mineral is an element made from two or more elements.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the middle of the earth called

The inner core

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the second layer of the earth

Outer core

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the third layer of the earth called?

The mantle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the outer layer of the earth called?

The crust

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Mohs Hardness scale?

A scale to define a minerals hardness,(talc)1-10(diamond)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Crystals are..

The building blocks of minerals

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lustre means…

The shininess of the rock

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A streak is…

The colour of the powdered form of the rock(good way to identify false gold)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the difference between cleavage and fracture?

Cleavage is smooth

Fracture is rough and jagged

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Igneous is made by…

Magma and lava cools and solidifies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is intrusive rock?

It is a rock below the earths surface

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a extrusive rock?

Rock made from lava cooling

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Definition: Lava

Hot molten or semifluid from a volcano or fissure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a sedimentary rock?

Made from sediments, which are loose bits of rock, minerals, and plant and animal remains that are cemented together

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a metamorphic rock?

A metamorphic rock is a rock formed underground, and pressured and heated into a new form

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a parent rock?

The original rock

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the rock cycle?

Soil is made from compost
Compost is humus
Soil makes a soil profile
Layers of topsoil and rocks
Dirt becomes soil when you add living organisms and vegetation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Definition: Erosion

The movement of rock and mineral grains by wind, water or other natural causes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Definition: Deposition

Where erosion ends up

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Definition:Sediment

Comes from larger rocms that have been cracked or worn away through weathering

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Mechanical weathering is…

Frost wedging

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Chemical weathering is…

Acid rain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Biological weathering is…

The physical or chemical breakdown of a rock by living organisms

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

These four things cause erosion.(4)

Gravity Wind Glaciers Water

Definition: Gradual

Slowly

The outer core is about-----and the inner core is about-----.

5500 | 6000

Definition: Continental drift

The belief that the continent were all joined at one point over the years

Who had the continental drift theory?

Alfred Wegner | He died in 1930 still trying to prove it.

Sonar is...

Sound and wave technology

Sonar revealed that...

The oceans floor is not flat and also it revealed that the mountain ranges exist on the ocean floor

What is sea floor spreading?

New layers of igneous rock on the ocean floor making room for itself and spreading the sea floor apart

What is the ring of fire?

The area of volcanoes around the Mid-Atlantic ridge

A converging plate is?

A plate going together

A diverging plate is?

A plate moving away from each other

A theory for the reason the plates are moving is...(1)

Convection currents

What do they use to measure earthquakes?

A seismograph

How does a seismograph work?

It attaches to bedrock and measures the vibrations

What ate scientists who study earthquakes called?

Seismologists

What describes the strength of an earthquake?

The richter scale

Most earthquakes that cause damage are between-and-on the richter scale

6 | 8

What is a seismoc wave?

The wave that travels out from the source of an earthquake

Primary wave

Solids Liquids Gas Moves the fastest

Secondary waves

Solids | Slower than primary

Surface waves

Very slow | The worst of all three

Definition: Focus

Where the earthquake starts

Definition: Epicenter

Directly above the focus

When bedrock suddenly breaks a----is created on the earths crust

Fault

What are the three faults?(3)

Normal fault Reverse fault Strike or slip fault

What is a normal fault?

One goes down and one goes up

What is a reverse fault?

Opposite of normal fault

Strike or slip fault

Shear

Definition:Tsunamis

Huge tidal waves caused by earthquakes under the ocean

Famous volcanoes(2)

Mount St.Helens | Mount Vesuvius

Definition: Vents

The openings on a volcanoe

Definition:Dorment

An inactive volcanoe

Three types of volcanoes are...(3)

Shield volcanoe Ash and cinder cone Composite volcano

Shield volcanoe

Runny lava | Many side vents

Ash and cinder cone

Ash and cinder violently spewed out of volcano Not much lava Steel sides Small craters

Composite volcano

Formed by levels of lava, ash and cinder Lava escaped from side vents Gentle slopes on bottom Steeper slopes at top

Anticline is the...

Top

Syncline is the...

Bottom

What is thrust faulting?

Like shingles

What are fault block mountains?

Older on top of younger

Young mountains are...(1)

Jagged and not round

Old mountains are...(2)

Rounded | Eroded