Unit Five Flashcards
What is the difference between a rock and a mineral
A rock is many minerals put together
A mineral is an element made from two or more elements.
What is the middle of the earth called
The inner core
What is the second layer of the earth
Outer core
What is the third layer of the earth called?
The mantle
What is the outer layer of the earth called?
The crust
What is Mohs Hardness scale?
A scale to define a minerals hardness,(talc)1-10(diamond)
Crystals are..
The building blocks of minerals
Lustre means…
The shininess of the rock
A streak is…
The colour of the powdered form of the rock(good way to identify false gold)
What is the difference between cleavage and fracture?
Cleavage is smooth
Fracture is rough and jagged
Igneous is made by…
Magma and lava cools and solidifies
What is intrusive rock?
It is a rock below the earths surface
What is a extrusive rock?
Rock made from lava cooling
Definition: Lava
Hot molten or semifluid from a volcano or fissure
What is a sedimentary rock?
Made from sediments, which are loose bits of rock, minerals, and plant and animal remains that are cemented together
What is a metamorphic rock?
A metamorphic rock is a rock formed underground, and pressured and heated into a new form
What is a parent rock?
The original rock
What is the rock cycle?
Soil is made from compost Compost is humus Soil makes a soil profile Layers of topsoil and rocks Dirt becomes soil when you add living organisms and vegetation
Definition: Erosion
The movement of rock and mineral grains by wind, water or other natural causes
Definition: Deposition
Where erosion ends up
Definition:Sediment
Comes from larger rocms that have been cracked or worn away through weathering
Mechanical weathering is…
Frost wedging
Chemical weathering is…
Acid rain
Biological weathering is…
The physical or chemical breakdown of a rock by living organisms
These four things cause erosion.(4)
Gravity
Wind
Glaciers
Water
Definition: Gradual
Slowly
The outer core is about—–and the inner core is about—–.
5500
6000
Definition: Continental drift
The belief that the continent were all joined at one point over the years
Who had the continental drift theory?
Alfred Wegner
He died in 1930 still trying to prove it.
Sonar is…
Sound and wave technology
Sonar revealed that…
The oceans floor is not flat and also it revealed that the mountain ranges exist on the ocean floor
What is sea floor spreading?
New layers of igneous rock on the ocean floor making room for itself and spreading the sea floor apart
What is the ring of fire?
The area of volcanoes around the Mid-Atlantic ridge
A converging plate is?
A plate going together
A diverging plate is?
A plate moving away from each other
A theory for the reason the plates are moving is…(1)
Convection currents
What do they use to measure earthquakes?
A seismograph
How does a seismograph work?
It attaches to bedrock and measures the vibrations
What ate scientists who study earthquakes called?
Seismologists
What describes the strength of an earthquake?
The richter scale
Most earthquakes that cause damage are between-and-on the richter scale
6
8
What is a seismoc wave?
The wave that travels out from the source of an earthquake
Primary wave
Solids
Liquids
Gas
Moves the fastest
Secondary waves
Solids
Slower than primary
Surface waves
Very slow
The worst of all three
Definition: Focus
Where the earthquake starts
Definition: Epicenter
Directly above the focus
When bedrock suddenly breaks a—-is created on the earths crust
Fault
What are the three faults?(3)
Normal fault
Reverse fault
Strike or slip fault
What is a normal fault?
One goes down and one goes up
What is a reverse fault?
Opposite of normal fault
Strike or slip fault
Shear
Definition:Tsunamis
Huge tidal waves caused by earthquakes under the ocean
Famous volcanoes(2)
Mount St.Helens
Mount Vesuvius
Definition: Vents
The openings on a volcanoe
Definition:Dorment
An inactive volcanoe
Three types of volcanoes are…(3)
Shield volcanoe
Ash and cinder cone
Composite volcano
Shield volcanoe
Runny lava
Many side vents
Ash and cinder cone
Ash and cinder violently spewed out of volcano
Not much lava
Steel sides
Small craters
Composite volcano
Formed by levels of lava, ash and cinder
Lava escaped from side vents
Gentle slopes on bottom
Steeper slopes at top
Anticline is the…
Top
Syncline is the…
Bottom
What is thrust faulting?
Like shingles
What are fault block mountains?
Older on top of younger
Young mountains are…(1)
Jagged and not round
Old mountains are…(2)
Rounded
Eroded
