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Science 7A > Unit Five > Flashcards

Unit Five Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between a rock and a mineral

A

A rock is many minerals put together

A mineral is an element made from two or more elements.

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2
Q

What is the middle of the earth called

A

The inner core

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3
Q

What is the second layer of the earth

A

Outer core

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4
Q

What is the third layer of the earth called?

A

The mantle

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5
Q

What is the outer layer of the earth called?

A

The crust

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6
Q

What is Mohs Hardness scale?

A

A scale to define a minerals hardness,(talc)1-10(diamond)

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7
Q

Crystals are..

A

The building blocks of minerals

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8
Q

Lustre means…

A

The shininess of the rock

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9
Q

A streak is…

A

The colour of the powdered form of the rock(good way to identify false gold)

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10
Q

What is the difference between cleavage and fracture?

A

Cleavage is smooth

Fracture is rough and jagged

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11
Q

Igneous is made by…

A

Magma and lava cools and solidifies

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12
Q

What is intrusive rock?

A

It is a rock below the earths surface

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13
Q

What is a extrusive rock?

A

Rock made from lava cooling

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14
Q

Definition: Lava

A

Hot molten or semifluid from a volcano or fissure

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15
Q

What is a sedimentary rock?

A

Made from sediments, which are loose bits of rock, minerals, and plant and animal remains that are cemented together

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16
Q

What is a metamorphic rock?

A

A metamorphic rock is a rock formed underground, and pressured and heated into a new form

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17
Q

What is a parent rock?

A

The original rock

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18
Q

What is the rock cycle?

A 
Soil is made from compost
Compost is humus
Soil makes a soil profile
Layers of topsoil and rocks
Dirt becomes soil when you add living organisms and vegetation
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19
Q

Definition: Erosion

A

The movement of rock and mineral grains by wind, water or other natural causes

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20
Q

Definition: Deposition

A

Where erosion ends up

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21
Q

Definition:Sediment

A

Comes from larger rocms that have been cracked or worn away through weathering

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22
Q

Mechanical weathering is…

A

Frost wedging

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23
Q

Chemical weathering is…

A

Acid rain

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24
Q

Biological weathering is…

A

The physical or chemical breakdown of a rock by living organisms

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25
Q

These four things cause erosion.(4)

A

Gravity
Wind
Glaciers
Water

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26
Q

Definition: Gradual

A

Slowly

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27
Q

The outer core is about—–and the inner core is about—–.

A

5500

6000

28
Q

Definition: Continental drift

A

The belief that the continent were all joined at one point over the years

29
Q

Who had the continental drift theory?

A

Alfred Wegner

He died in 1930 still trying to prove it.

30
Q

Sonar is…

A

Sound and wave technology

31
Q

Sonar revealed that…

A

The oceans floor is not flat and also it revealed that the mountain ranges exist on the ocean floor

32
Q

What is sea floor spreading?

A

New layers of igneous rock on the ocean floor making room for itself and spreading the sea floor apart

33
Q

What is the ring of fire?

A

The area of volcanoes around the Mid-Atlantic ridge

34
Q

A converging plate is?

A

A plate going together

35
Q

A diverging plate is?

A

A plate moving away from each other

36
Q

A theory for the reason the plates are moving is…(1)

A

Convection currents

37
Q

What do they use to measure earthquakes?

A

A seismograph

38
Q

How does a seismograph work?

A

It attaches to bedrock and measures the vibrations

39
Q

What ate scientists who study earthquakes called?

A

Seismologists

40
Q

What describes the strength of an earthquake?

A

The richter scale

41
Q

Most earthquakes that cause damage are between-and-on the richter scale

A

6

8

42
Q

What is a seismoc wave?

A

The wave that travels out from the source of an earthquake

43
Q

Primary wave

A

Solids
Liquids
Gas
Moves the fastest

44
Q

Secondary waves

A

Solids

Slower than primary

45
Q

Surface waves

A

Very slow

The worst of all three

46
Q

Definition: Focus

A

Where the earthquake starts

47
Q

Definition: Epicenter

A

Directly above the focus

48
Q

When bedrock suddenly breaks a—-is created on the earths crust

A

Fault

49
Q

What are the three faults?(3)

A

Normal fault
Reverse fault
Strike or slip fault

50
Q

What is a normal fault?

A

One goes down and one goes up

51
Q

What is a reverse fault?

A

Opposite of normal fault

52
Q

Strike or slip fault

A

Shear

53
Q

Definition:Tsunamis

A

Huge tidal waves caused by earthquakes under the ocean

54
Q

Famous volcanoes(2)

A

Mount St.Helens

Mount Vesuvius

55
Q

Definition: Vents

A

The openings on a volcanoe

56
Q

Definition:Dorment

A

An inactive volcanoe

57
Q

Three types of volcanoes are…(3)

A

Shield volcanoe
Ash and cinder cone
Composite volcano

58
Q

Shield volcanoe

A

Runny lava

Many side vents

59
Q

Ash and cinder cone

A

Ash and cinder violently spewed out of volcano

Not much lava

Steel sides

Small craters

60
Q

Composite volcano

A

Formed by levels of lava, ash and cinder

Lava escaped from side vents

Gentle slopes on bottom

Steeper slopes at top

61
Q

Anticline is the…

A

Top

62
Q

Syncline is the…

A

Bottom

63
Q

What is thrust faulting?

A

Like shingles

64
Q

What are fault block mountains?

A

Older on top of younger

65
Q

Young mountains are…(1)

A

Jagged and not round

66
Q

Old mountains are…(2)

A

Rounded

Eroded

Science 7A (12 decks)

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