Unit D: Mechanical System Flashcards
Remember Everything for ze test
What is a simple machine?
a tool or machine that is made up of a basic machine.
Name 6 simple machines? and describe them
Lever, Inclined Plane, Wedge, Screw, Wheel and Axle, and a Pulley
What is a lever?
A lever is a rigid bar or plank that can rotate around a fixed point called a fulcrum or pivot
What is an inclined plane?
Inclined plane or ramp can be used to carry objects to a higher height.
What is a wedge?
By putting force on a wide end, you can separate the object.
What is a screw?
A cylinder with a groove cut on the outside.
What is a wheel and axle?
2 wheels on different diameters that turn together.
What is a pulley?
A wire, rope, or cable moving on a grooved wheel.
What’s a first class lever?
Fulcrum is between load and effort
ex) Scissors
What’s a second class lever?
Load is between fulcrum and effort ex: wheelbarrow
What’s a third class lever?
Effort is between load and fulcrum. ex: shovel
A simple machine can obtain 4 objectives. Can you name all 4?
1: Change the direction of a force
2: Multiplying force
3: Increase or decrease speed
4: Transferring force
What is a complex machine?
A machine made up of several simple machines
What is a linkage?
A part of the machine that transfers energy from an energy source to the object
What is a transmission?
transfers energy from the engine to the wheels using number of different gears
What is a gear?
A wheel with teeth that interlink when rotated with another wheel.
What is Multiplying gears?
A large gear that makes the smaller gear rotate faster
What is Reducing gears?
A smaller gear that makes the larger gear rotate slowly
What is the equation for Mechanical Advantage?
MA = force output / force input
What is the equation for Speed Ratio?
SR = Input Distance / Output Distance
What is friction?
A force that opposes motion
What is the equation for Efficiency?
Efficiency = Mechanical Advantage (MA) / Speed Ratio (SR) x 100
What is the equation for Work?
Work = Force x Distance
What’s a hydraulic system?
Uses a liquid under pressure to move a load
What’s the equation for pressure?
Pressure = Force / Area
What is a piston?
A disk that can fit nicely into a cylinder and it can push fluids out or draws fluids into the cylinder
What are Systems?
A group of parts that work to perform a specific function
What are Subsystems?
A group of parts that work to together to form a specific task
What is Pascal’s Law?
Pressure applied into an enclosed fluid transmitted equally in all direction throughout the fluid
Difference between Input work and Output work?
Input Work is the force applied to the machine and Output Work is the force the machine applies to the object
Mechanical advantage can best be defined as the?
the ratio of the force produced by a machine to the force applied to it.
The standard unit of pressure is the Pascal (Pa) which is equal to?
1 N/m2
Bones and muscles operate as what simple machine?
Lever
A screwdriver is a combination of which 2 simple machines?
Wheel and Axle, Wedge
When using a wheelbarrow, the load seems lightest if it is?
close as possible to the wheel
One advantage that a hydraulic system has over a system of levers, gears, or pulleys, is that it?
has fewer moving parts and less friction
