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Science 10 > Unit D: Energy Flow In Global Systems | Outcome 3/4 | L5-7 > Flashcards

Unit D: Energy Flow In Global Systems | Outcome 3/4 | L5-7 Flashcards

1
Q

What factors affect climate?

A

-** Temperature ** (The thermal energy reaching a region)
- **Movement of air and water **(Carries thermal energy to a region)
- Altitiude (Higher altitiudes cools air due to lower pressure)
- Humidity (Water absorbs solar energy)

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2
Q

Define:

Dew Point

A

The temperature at which water vapor condenses (to form rain or snow)

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3
Q

Explain why an area may get lots of preciptiation

A
  • The ground heats up the air near it due to the solar energy absorbed
  • Water from the group evaporates
  • The air expands and rises (where it begins to cool)
  • The moist air cools and falls as rain
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4
Q

Explain why an area may get little precipitation

A
  • It is a region of fallling cool air
  • This air has a greater ability to hold water vapour, causing there to be little precipitation
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5
Q

In a climatopgraph:

What does the Left axis represent?

A

Precipitation

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6
Q

In a climatopgraph:

What does the Right axis represent?

A

Temperature

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7
Q

In a climatograph:

What do the bars represent?

A

The average PERCIPITATION (Left side)

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8
Q

In a climatograph:

What does the line graph represent?

A

The average TEMPERATURE (Right side)

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9
Q

What are biomes?

A

Major geographic area with similar enviormental conditions and life forms

They are smaller pieces of the biosphere

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10
Q

List the Organization of the Biosphere

A

Biosphere, Biome, Ecosystem, Habitiat

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11
Q

Define

Ecosystem

A

interactions between living organisms
and their non-living surroundings

Bitotic and Abiotic

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12
Q

Define

Habitat

A

Place where an organism lives or usually found

Biosphere, Biome, Ecosystem, Habitat

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13
Q

What are the 6 Biomes?

A
  • Tundra
  • Taiga
  • Temperate Deciduous Forest
  • Grassland
  • Desert
  • Tropical Rain Forest
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14
Q

Define:

Physiological Adaptation

A
  • An adaptation that occurs inside an organism (changes in internal body processes)

Ex. Venom, cold/warm blooded, internal changes during hibernation

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15
Q

Define:

Structural Adaptation

A
  • Changes in the physcial featres of an organism

Ex. Fur of mammals, short legs of big horn sheep, webbed feet

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16
Q

Define:

Behavioral Adaptations

A
  • A change in the things organisms do to survive

Ex. Migration, hibernation. Frogs bury into mud at bottom of lake

17
Q

Describe the Average Temp and Percipitation of:

Tundra

A
  • In artic regions
  • Long cold winters (-40°C), short cool winters (5°C)
  • Low percipitation; less than 25 cm/year (10-20mm)

Percipitaion barley increases in summer

18
Q

Describe the Average Temp and Percipitation of:

Taiga

A
  • Found just south of the tundra
  • Long cold winters and cool sumers (-15°C to 15°C)
  • 35 to 100cm/year, mostly snow (20mm to 90mm)

Percipitation mainly happens in summer

19
Q

Describe the Average Temp and Percipitation of:

Temperate Deciduous Forests

A
  • Latitiudes below 50°N or S
  • Has 4 distinct seasons (from below freezing to 30°C)
  • 75-150cm/year- evenely distributed (40-80mm)

Has broad leaf trees

20
Q

Describe the Average Temp and Percipitation of:

Grasslands

A
  • In almost every continent
  • Hot, dry summers [4°C to 18° in praires] {184°C to 18°C to 30°C in savannah}
  • 25 to 75 cm/year; usually has a prolonged dry season (prevents development of forests) (20-60mm)
21
Q

Describe the Average Temp and Percipitation of:

Deserts

A
  • In interiorof continets
  • 12°C to 27°C; hot days; cold nights; greatest
    daily fluctuation in temperature
  • Less than 25cm/year (5-15mm - very low)

High temp, low percipitation

22
Q

Describe the Average Temp and Percipitation of:

Tropical Rainforest

A
  • Near equator
  • Warm all year 25°C to 30°C; little daily change (looks like line in a climatograph)
  • 200 to 400 cm/year, rains nearly everyday, may have a short dry season (130-350mm)
  • Dry season is during late summer
23
Q

Define:

Anecdotal evidence

A
  • Reports from individuals about their experiences and interpretations

Pro:Monitors areas more closely
Con:Not always accurate & unbiased

24
Q

Define:

Scientific Evidence

A
  • Evidence collected by trained scientists with specialized equipment that reflects general situations, instead of just particular events

Pro: Unbiased
Con: requires scientific literacy

25
Q

Define:

Paleoclimatology

A
  • The study of past climates
26
Q

Evidence of past climates:

A
  • Tree rings and Coral growth rings (rate of growth)
  • Sediemnt layers (thickness)
  • Ice cores (annual layers + trapped air)

-Ice cores; snowfall
-Tree trings; rainfall

-All; past temps

27
Q

List:

Causes of Natural Climate Change

A
  • Earth’s tilt and orbit
  • Continental Drift
  • Weathering
  • Catastrophic Events
28
Q

How does Earth’s Tilt Affect Climate Change?

A
  • The greater the tilt, the more sunlight in the poles, poles get warmer
  • The smaller the tilt, the less sunlight in the poles. poles get cooler
29
Q

How does earth’s orbit affect climate change?

A
  • Circle vs oval orbit can cause fluctuations in Earth’s Seasons
30
Q

How do Continental Drift affect climate change?

A

-The slow movement of the continents and
the opening and closing of ocean basins
affect the wind and precipitation patterns
- Changing of latitiude

31
Q

How does weathering affect climate change

A

Releases trapped CO2 in rocks

32
Q

What do Catastrophic Events include

A
  • Meteor or asteroid collisions with Earth
  • Major volcanic eruptions
  • Massive earthquake
33
Q

How do Catastropic Events affect the climate?

A
  • Events would put enormous volumes of dust, ash, and smoke particles into the
    atmosphere
  • Can create a cloud that prevents sunlight from reaching earth’s surface (cooling the earth)
34
Q

List:

Anthropogenic Climate Change
Causes

A
  • Deforestation
  • Fossil fuel combustion
  • Wetland Removal
  • Urbanization (Low albedo + heat emmiting objects)
35
Q

Define:

General Circulation Models (GCM’s)

A

Complex 3d mathematical models of quantitative projections of future climate change

36
Q

List

Global Risks of Climate Change

A
  • Hotter temperatures and health risks
  • More severe storms
  • Increased drought
  • Rising, warming and acidic oceans
  • Loss of species
  • Loss of foood
  • Poverty and displacement

Science 10 (8 decks)

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