Unit C: Cycling of Matter In Living Systems | Outcome 2 | L3 - L7

Question 1

What “blank slate” cells can develop into specialized cells?

Name both plant and animal types

Answer 1

Animals: Stem Cells
Plants: Meristem Cells

Question 2

What are Eukaryotes?

Answer 2

Cells with Membrane bound organelles

Question 3

What are Prokaryotes?

Answer 3

Cell that do not have membrane bound organelles

Question 4

When comparing Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes, which is complex and which is simple?

Answer 4

• Eukaryotes: Complex
• Prokaryotes: Simple/Basic

Question 5

Are organelles considered to be alive? Why?

Answer 5

No, because organelles cannot demonstrate the basic functions of life by itself, but only when working with other organelles in a cell.

Question 6

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 6

• Protective barrier
• Selective Filter
• Compartmentalization (Keeps things contained)
• Important for communication

Question 7

What does the Nucleus do?

Answer 7

• Contains DNA
• Directs all cellular activities
• Programs the cell for replication

Question 8

What does the Nuclear Envelope do?

Answer 8

It surround the nucleus and has pores to transport materials in and out of the nucleus

Question 9

What does the Cytoplasm do?

Answer 9

A gel-like substance that suspends cell contents inside a cell

Question 10

What is the cell wall?

Answer 10

A rigid wall that surround the cell membrane and provides strength and support to a plant

In Plants ONLY

Question 11

What organelles are only found in Plants?

Answer 11

• The cell wall
• Chloroplasts
• Large Central Vacuole

Question 12

What is Endocytosis

Answer 12

• A type of active transport in which the membrane folds in and creates a vesicle for molecules to big to fit through the membrane

Question 13

What are the 3 Types of Endocytosis

Answer 13

1. Phagocytosis
2. Pinocytosis
3. Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Question 14

What is Phagocytosis

Answer 14

• First type of Endocytosis
• Means “cell eating”
• Used by cells to ingest food or other solid materials

Question 15

What is Pinocytosis

Answer 15

• Second type of Endocytosis
• Means “cell drinking”
• Used by cells to ingest droplets or fluids

Question 16

What is Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Answer 16

Receptors on the surface of the target particle will specifically bind to proteins on the outside of the cell triggering endocytosis

Question 17

What is Exocytosis

Answer 17

• Reverse of Endocytosis
• Materials store in vesicles and vacuoles leave the cell (are secreted)
• Vesicles fuse with the membrane releasing

Question 18

What are the three types of active transport?

Answer 18

1. protein pumps
2. endocytosis
3. exocytosis

Question 19

What are the three types of Passive Transport

Answer 19

1. Simple Diffusion
2. Facilitated Diffusion
3. Osmosis

Question 20

What are the 3 Types of Solutions regarding Osmosis

Answer 20

• Hypotonic – water moves INTO cell
• Hypertonic – water moves OUT of cell
• Isotonic – water moves in & out of cell at equal rates

Question 21

What are Aquaporins (Water Channels)?

Answer 21

Channel proteins used to help water move down a concentration gradient

Question 22

How do you refer to the outside and inside of cells?

Answer 22

Outside: Extracellular
Inside: Intracellular

Question 23

Describe the function of :

Chloroplats

Answer 23

• Contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis
• Found only in plant cells (and some protists

Question 24

Describe the function of:

Vacuoles & Vesicles

and its differences

Answer 24

• Membrane bound structures
• Plants: One large vacuole for storing water to maintain rigid structure
• Animals: Many smaller vesicles to store nutrients, waste and lipids

Question 25

Describe the function of:

the Endoplasmic Recticulum

Answer 25

• A network of folded tubes that extend from the nucleus that help with the synthesis and transport of materials throughout the cell

Question 26

What is the Difference between the Rough and Smooth ER?

Answer 26

• Rough ER: Associated with protein synthesis and studded with ribosomes
• Smooth ER: Associated with lipid synthesis

Question 27

Describe the function of:

Ribosomes

Answer 27

• Dense looking granules that synthesize proteins
• Attached to the ER and found free floating in the cytoplasm

Question 28

Describe the function of:

Lysosomes

Answer 28

• Membrane bound vesicles filled with digestive enzymes to defend against invading bacteria, destroy damaged cell organelles and control digestion.

(In plant cells, diffusion takes place in the central vacuole)

Question 29

Describe the function of:

the Golgi Apparatus

Answer 29

• Sorts, modifies and packages molecules from the ER into vesicles that go to other locations in or out of the cell.
• Produces lysosomes

Question 30

Describe the function of:

the Mitochondria

Answer 30

• Provides energy for the cell through the process of cellular respiration by converting glucose into usable energy called ATP