Unit C: Cycling of Matter In Living Systems | Outcome 2 | L3 - L7 Flashcards
What “blank slate” cells can develop into specialized cells?
Name both plant and animal types
Animals: Stem Cells
Plants: Meristem Cells
What are Eukaryotes?
Cells with Membrane bound organelles
What are Prokaryotes?
Cell that do not have membrane bound organelles
When comparing Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes, which is complex and which is simple?
- Eukaryotes: Complex
- Prokaryotes: Simple/Basic
Are organelles considered to be alive? Why?
No, because organelles cannot demonstrate the basic functions of life by itself, but only when working with other organelles in a cell.
What is the cell membrane?
- Protective barrier
- Selective Filter
- Compartmentalization (Keeps things contained)
- Important for communication
What does the Nucleus do?
- Contains DNA
- Directs all cellular activities
- Programs the cell for replication
What does the Nuclear Envelope do?
It surround the nucleus and has pores to transport materials in and out of the nucleus
What does the Cytoplasm do?
A gel-like substance that suspends cell contents inside a cell
What is the cell wall?
A rigid wall that surround the cell membrane and provides strength and support to a plant
In Plants ONLY
What organelles are only found in Plants?
- The cell wall
- Chloroplasts
- Large Central Vacuole
What is Endocytosis
- A type of active transport in which the membrane folds in and creates a vesicle for molecules to big to fit through the membrane
What are the 3 Types of Endocytosis
- Phagocytosis
- Pinocytosis
- Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
What is Phagocytosis
- First type of Endocytosis
- Means “cell eating”
- Used by cells to ingest food or other solid materials
What is Pinocytosis
- Second type of Endocytosis
- Means “cell drinking”
- Used by cells to ingest droplets or fluids
What is Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
Receptors on the surface of the target particle will specifically bind to proteins on the outside of the cell triggering endocytosis
What is Exocytosis
- Reverse of Endocytosis
- Materials store in vesicles and vacuoles leave the cell (are secreted)
- Vesicles fuse with the membrane releasing
What are the three types of active transport?
- protein pumps
- endocytosis
- exocytosis
What are the three types of Passive Transport
- Simple Diffusion
- Facilitated Diffusion
- Osmosis
What are the 3 Types of Solutions regarding Osmosis
- Hypotonic – water moves INTO cell
- Hypertonic – water moves OUT of cell
- Isotonic – water moves in & out of cell at equal rates
What are Aquaporins (Water Channels)?
Channel proteins used to help water move down a concentration gradient
How do you refer to the outside and inside of cells?
Outside: Extracellular
Inside: Intracellular
Describe the function of :
Chloroplats
- Contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis
- Found only in plant cells (and some protists
Describe the function of:
Vacuoles & Vesicles
and its differences
- Membrane bound structures
- Plants: One large vacuole for storing water to maintain rigid structure
- Animals: Many smaller vesicles to store nutrients, waste and lipids
Describe the function of:
the Endoplasmic Recticulum
- A network of folded tubes that extend from the nucleus that help with the synthesis and transport of materials throughout the cell
What is the Difference between the Rough and Smooth ER?
- Rough ER: Associated with protein synthesis and studded with ribosomes
- Smooth ER: Associated with lipid synthesis
Describe the function of:
Ribosomes
- Dense looking granules that synthesize proteins
- Attached to the ER and found free floating in the cytoplasm
Describe the function of:
Lysosomes
- Membrane bound vesicles filled with digestive enzymes to defend against invading bacteria, destroy damaged cell organelles and control digestion.
(In plant cells, diffusion takes place in the central vacuole)
Describe the function of:
the Golgi Apparatus
- Sorts, modifies and packages molecules from the ER into vesicles that go to other locations in or out of the cell.
- Produces lysosomes
Describe the function of:
the Mitochondria
- Provides energy for the cell through the process of cellular respiration by converting glucose into usable energy called ATP
