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Science 10 > Unit C: Cycling of Matter In Living Systems | Outcome 2 | L3 - L7 > Flashcards

Unit C: Cycling of Matter In Living Systems | Outcome 2 | L3 - L7 Flashcards

1
Q

What “blank slate” cells can develop into specialized cells?

Name both plant and animal types

A

Animals: Stem Cells
Plants: Meristem Cells

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2
Q

What are Eukaryotes?

A

Cells with Membrane bound organelles

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3
Q

What are Prokaryotes?

A

Cell that do not have membrane bound organelles

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4
Q

When comparing Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes, which is complex and which is simple?

A
  • Eukaryotes: Complex
  • Prokaryotes: Simple/Basic
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5
Q

Are organelles considered to be alive? Why?

A

No, because organelles cannot demonstrate the basic functions of life by itself, but only when working with other organelles in a cell.

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6
Q

What is the cell membrane?

A
  • Protective barrier
  • Selective Filter
  • Compartmentalization (Keeps things contained)
  • Important for communication
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7
Q

What does the Nucleus do?

A
  • Contains DNA
  • Directs all cellular activities
  • Programs the cell for replication
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8
Q

What does the Nuclear Envelope do?

A

It surround the nucleus and has pores to transport materials in and out of the nucleus

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9
Q

What does the Cytoplasm do?

A

A gel-like substance that suspends cell contents inside a cell

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10
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

A rigid wall that surround the cell membrane and provides strength and support to a plant

In Plants ONLY

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11
Q

What organelles are only found in Plants?

A
  • The cell wall
  • Chloroplasts
  • Large Central Vacuole
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12
Q

What is Endocytosis

A
  • A type of active transport in which the membrane folds in and creates a vesicle for molecules to big to fit through the membrane
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13
Q

What are the 3 Types of Endocytosis

A
  1. Phagocytosis
  2. Pinocytosis
  3. Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
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14
Q

What is Phagocytosis

A
  • First type of Endocytosis
  • Means “cell eating”
  • Used by cells to ingest food or other solid materials
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15
Q

What is Pinocytosis

A
  • Second type of Endocytosis
  • Means “cell drinking”
  • Used by cells to ingest droplets or fluids
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16
Q

What is Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

A

Receptors on the surface of the target particle will specifically bind to proteins on the outside of the cell triggering endocytosis

17
Q

What is Exocytosis

A
  • Reverse of Endocytosis
  • Materials store in vesicles and vacuoles leave the cell (are secreted)
  • Vesicles fuse with the membrane releasing
18
Q

What are the three types of active transport?

A
  1. protein pumps
  2. endocytosis
  3. exocytosis
19
Q

What are the three types of Passive Transport

A
  1. Simple Diffusion
  2. Facilitated Diffusion
  3. Osmosis
20
Q

What are the 3 Types of Solutions regarding Osmosis

A
  • Hypotonic – water moves INTO cell
  • Hypertonic – water moves OUT of cell
  • Isotonic – water moves in & out of cell at equal rates
21
Q

What are Aquaporins (Water Channels)?

A

Channel proteins used to help water move down a concentration gradient

22
Q

How do you refer to the outside and inside of cells?

A

Outside: Extracellular
Inside: Intracellular

23
Q

Describe the function of :

Chloroplats

A
  • Contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis
  • Found only in plant cells (and some protists
24
Q

Describe the function of:

Vacuoles & Vesicles

and its differences

A
  • Membrane bound structures
  • Plants: One large vacuole for storing water to maintain rigid structure
  • Animals: Many smaller vesicles to store nutrients, waste and lipids
25
Q

Describe the function of:

the Endoplasmic Recticulum

A
  • A network of folded tubes that extend from the nucleus that help with the synthesis and transport of materials throughout the cell
26
Q

What is the Difference between the Rough and Smooth ER?

A
  • Rough ER: Associated with protein synthesis and studded with ribosomes
  • Smooth ER: Associated with lipid synthesis
27
Q

Describe the function of:

Ribosomes

A
  • Dense looking granules that synthesize proteins
  • Attached to the ER and found free floating in the cytoplasm
28
Q

Describe the function of:

Lysosomes

A
  • Membrane bound vesicles filled with digestive enzymes to defend against invading bacteria, destroy damaged cell organelles and control digestion.

(In plant cells, diffusion takes place in the central vacuole)

29
Q

Describe the function of:

the Golgi Apparatus

A
  • Sorts, modifies and packages molecules from the ER into vesicles that go to other locations in or out of the cell.
  • Produces lysosomes
30
Q

Describe the function of:

the Mitochondria

A
  • Provides energy for the cell through the process of cellular respiration by converting glucose into usable energy called ATP

Science 10 (8 decks)

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