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Unit C - Section 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Elements

A

Pure substances that cannot be broken down into other substances.

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2
Q

What do elements form?

A

They form chemical compounds that are reused by living things

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3
Q

Why is nitrogen important?

A

Nitrogen is important for living things.

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4
Q

How much nitrogen is in the air?

A

Air is about 78% nitrogen in the form of nitrogen gas, such as hydrogen and oxygen

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5
Q

Can plants use this nitrogen directly?

A

Plants can’t use this free nitrogen directly. It has to be fixed in compounds with other elements

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6
Q

Nitrogen Fixation

A

Is the process of changing free nitrogen so that the nitrogen atoms can combine with other elements to form compounds that organisms can use

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7
Q

What kind of process is cellular respiration?

A

Cellular respiration is a natural process, a basic process that exists in our nature.

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8
Q

What is pollution?

A

Is any change in the environment that produces a condition that is harmful to living things

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9
Q

What is an issue?

A

Is any subject of importance about which people have strong, conflicting points of view

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10
Q

What is a fertilizer?

A

A substance that enriches soil so that plants will grow better

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11
Q

What elements do fertilizers contain?

A

The elements included in a fertilizer are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

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12
Q

What does 15-30-15 mean?

A

Indicates that this fertilizer contains 15% of nitrogen compounds, 30% of phosphorus compounds, and 15% of nitrogen compounds

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13
Q

What does the “S” on a label indicate?

A

It indicates that they contain sulphur as a major ingredient

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14
Q

What are pesticides?

A

Chemicals used to kill pests

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15
Q

What is a pest?

A

An organism that harms people, crops, or structures

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16
Q

What are herbicides

A

Kills or controls weeds

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17
Q

What are insecticides?

A

Kills or controls insects

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18
Q

What are fungicides?

A

Kills fungi

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19
Q

What does solid waste include?

A

It includes large items, such as machinery, caps on plastic drink bottles

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20
Q

Why are sanitary landfills sites built?

A

To prevent waste chemicals from moving to the soil. Use plastic liners and compacted clay to prevent these solutions from entering the soil and groundwater

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21
Q

What is a sewage?

A

Wastewater containing dissolved and undissolved materials from your kitchen, bathroom and laundry is called sewage

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22
Q

What is a septic tank?

A

Is an underground container where bacteria break down the organic materials before they are moved out to the soil

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23
Q

What is a sewage treatment plant?

A

Treats wastes from homes, businesses, industries and intuitions

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24
Q

What is effluent?

A

Treated wastewater or effluent is released into rivers and lakes

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25
What are storm sewers?
If the municipal sewage system cannot handle a large quantity of rain water from street drains, that water goes to a river through large pipes
26
What are fossil fuels?
Coal, oil, and natural gas are fossil fuels because they formed from dead plants and animals.
27
What are hydrocarbons made up of?
Made up of hydrogen and carbon
28
The equation for combustion is
Hydrocarbon + oxygen——>carbon dioxide + water + energy
29
What is an industrial process?
A industrial process is natural gas processing
30
What is natural gas processed to do?
To separate its components for different uses
31
What does natural gas eliminate?
Processed to eliminate unwanted substances such as hydrogen sulfur, a poisonous chemical
32
What is sour gas?
Sour gas is considered as sweet
33
What is an acid?
A compound that dissolves in the water to form a ph lower than 7
34
What is a ph?
Indicates it’s acidity
35
What is a base?
Is a compound that dissolves in water to form a solution with a ph higher than 7
36
What is neutral?
It’s neither a acid or a base
37
What is neutralization
The acid base reaction is called neutralization.
38
What does this reaction produce?
Produces water and salt
39
What are organic compounds?
Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon
40
What are inorganic compounds?
Substances that do not contain carbon
41
Nutrients
Elements and compounds that organisms need for living
42
Macronutrients
Macronutrients are large amounts
43
Micronutrients
Micronutrients are small amounts
44
Optimum amounts
Selenium should be in our diets in optimum amounts
45
Carbohydrates
Organic molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
46
Lipids
Fats, oils, and waxes are lipids
47
Proteins
Foods such as meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products add proteins to our diet
48
Enzymes
Enzymes are catalysts that control chemical component of enzymes
49
Amino acids
A protein is a organic compound called amino acids
50
Nucleic acids
The largest and most complicated molecules found in living things
51
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
52
Osmosis
In the process water moves through the walls of the plants roots from an area of more molecules to an area of fewer molecules
53
Active transport
Plants move from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
54
Ingestion
The process of taking food into our bodies is ingestion
55
Hydrolysis
The breakdown or digestion of large organic molecules occurs by a process called hydrolysis, hydro is water. Lysis is breakdown
56
Hydrolyzed
A substance that is broken down by hydrolysis has been hydrolyzed
57
Substrate
A material on which an organism moves or lives
58
What colour does it turn when it’s an acid?
Blue litmus paper turns red in an acid
59
What colour does it turn when it’s a base?
Red litmus paper turns blue in a base
60
Examples of acids
Vinegar, blueberries and lemons
61
Examples of a base
Hair conditioner, and cleaning household products
62
What are the 2 important nucleic acids?
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA).
63
What are DNA and RNA made up of?
They are both made up of phosphates, and a sugar called ribose and nitrogen molecules

Science (20 decks)

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