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Science > Unit C - Section 1 > Flashcards

Unit C - Section 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Elements

A

Pure substances that cannot be broken down into other substances.

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2
Q

What do elements form?

A

They form chemical compounds that are reused by living things

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3
Q

Why is nitrogen important?

A

Nitrogen is important for living things.

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4
Q

How much nitrogen is in the air?

A

Air is about 78% nitrogen in the form of nitrogen gas, such as hydrogen and oxygen

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5
Q

Can plants use this nitrogen directly?

A

Plants can’t use this free nitrogen directly. It has to be fixed in compounds with other elements

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6
Q

Nitrogen Fixation

A

Is the process of changing free nitrogen so that the nitrogen atoms can combine with other elements to form compounds that organisms can use

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7
Q

What kind of process is cellular respiration?

A

Cellular respiration is a natural process, a basic process that exists in our nature.

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8
Q

What is pollution?

A

Is any change in the environment that produces a condition that is harmful to living things

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9
Q

What is an issue?

A

Is any subject of importance about which people have strong, conflicting points of view

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10
Q

What is a fertilizer?

A

A substance that enriches soil so that plants will grow better

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11
Q

What elements do fertilizers contain?

A

The elements included in a fertilizer are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

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12
Q

What does 15-30-15 mean?

A

Indicates that this fertilizer contains 15% of nitrogen compounds, 30% of phosphorus compounds, and 15% of nitrogen compounds

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13
Q

What does the “S” on a label indicate?

A

It indicates that they contain sulphur as a major ingredient

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14
Q

What are pesticides?

A

Chemicals used to kill pests

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15
Q

What is a pest?

A

An organism that harms people, crops, or structures

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16
Q

What are herbicides

A

Kills or controls weeds

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17
Q

What are insecticides?

A

Kills or controls insects

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18
Q

What are fungicides?

A

Kills fungi

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19
Q

What does solid waste include?

A

It includes large items, such as machinery, caps on plastic drink bottles

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20
Q

Why are sanitary landfills sites built?

A

To prevent waste chemicals from moving to the soil. Use plastic liners and compacted clay to prevent these solutions from entering the soil and groundwater

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21
Q

What is a sewage?

A

Wastewater containing dissolved and undissolved materials from your kitchen, bathroom and laundry is called sewage

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22
Q

What is a septic tank?

A

Is an underground container where bacteria break down the organic materials before they are moved out to the soil

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23
Q

What is a sewage treatment plant?

A

Treats wastes from homes, businesses, industries and intuitions

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24
Q

What is effluent?

A

Treated wastewater or effluent is released into rivers and lakes

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25
Q

What are storm sewers?

A

If the municipal sewage system cannot handle a large quantity of rain water from street drains, that water goes to a river through large pipes

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26
Q

What are fossil fuels?

A

Coal, oil, and natural gas are fossil fuels because they formed from dead plants and animals.

27
Q

What are hydrocarbons made up of?

A

Made up of hydrogen and carbon

28
Q

The equation for combustion is

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen——>carbon dioxide + water + energy

29
Q

What is an industrial process?

A

A industrial process is natural gas processing

30
Q

What is natural gas processed to do?

A

To separate its components for different uses

31
Q

What does natural gas eliminate?

A

Processed to eliminate unwanted substances such as hydrogen sulfur, a poisonous chemical

32
Q

What is sour gas?

A

Sour gas is considered as sweet

33
Q

What is an acid?

A

A compound that dissolves in the water to form a ph lower than 7

34
Q

What is a ph?

A

Indicates it’s acidity

35
Q

What is a base?

A

Is a compound that dissolves in water to form a solution with a ph higher than 7

36
Q

What is neutral?

A

It’s neither a acid or a base

37
Q

What is neutralization

A

The acid base reaction is called neutralization.

38
Q

What does this reaction produce?

A

Produces water and salt

39
Q

What are organic compounds?

A

Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon

40
Q

What are inorganic compounds?

A

Substances that do not contain carbon

41
Q

Nutrients

A

Elements and compounds that organisms need for living

42
Q

Macronutrients

A

Macronutrients are large amounts

43
Q

Micronutrients

A

Micronutrients are small amounts

44
Q

Optimum amounts

A

Selenium should be in our diets in optimum amounts

45
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Organic molecules made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

46
Q

Lipids

A

Fats, oils, and waxes are lipids

47
Q

Proteins

A

Foods such as meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products add proteins to our diet

48
Q

Enzymes

A

Enzymes are catalysts that control chemical component of enzymes

49
Q

Amino acids

A

A protein is a organic compound called amino acids

50
Q

Nucleic acids

A

The largest and most complicated molecules found in living things

51
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

52
Q

Osmosis

A

In the process water moves through the walls of the plants roots from an area of more molecules to an area of fewer molecules

53
Q

Active transport

A

Plants move from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration

54
Q

Ingestion

A

The process of taking food into our bodies is ingestion

55
Q

Hydrolysis

A

The breakdown or digestion of large organic molecules occurs by a process called hydrolysis, hydro is water. Lysis is breakdown

56
Q

Hydrolyzed

A

A substance that is broken down by hydrolysis has been hydrolyzed

57
Q

Substrate

A

A material on which an organism moves or lives

58
Q

What colour does it turn when it’s an acid?

A

Blue litmus paper turns red in an acid

59
Q

What colour does it turn when it’s a base?

A

Red litmus paper turns blue in a base

60
Q

Examples of acids

A

Vinegar, blueberries and lemons

61
Q

Examples of a base

A

Hair conditioner, and cleaning household products

62
Q

What are the 2 important nucleic acids?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA).

63
Q

What are DNA and RNA made up of?

A

They are both made up of phosphates, and a sugar called ribose and nitrogen molecules

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