Unit C: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Flashcards
Photon
a packet of light
Chlorophyll
the light-absorbing green-coloured pigment that begins the process of photosynthesis
Chloroplast
a membrane-bound organelle in green plant and algal cells that carries out photosynthesis
Stroma
the protein-rich semiliquid material in the interior of a chloroplast
Thylakoid
a system of interconnected flattened membrane sacs forming a separate compartment within the stroma of a chloroplast
Grana
stacks of thylakoids
Lamellae
groups of unstacked thylakoids between grana
Thylakoid Membrane
the photosynthetic membrane within a chloroplast that contains light-gathering pigment molecules and electron transport chains
Thylakoid Lumen
the fluid-filled space inside a thylakoid
Carbon Fixation
the process of incorporating carbon dioxide into carbohydrate molecules
Photolysis
a chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down by light
Oxidation
a reaction in which an atom or molecule loses an electron
Reduction
a reaction in which an atom or molecule gains an electron
Chemiosmosis
a process for synthesizing ATP using the energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme
Active Transport
the movement of substances through a membrane
Sodium-Potassium Pump
an active-transport mechanism that pumps sodium and potassium ions into and out of a cell
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
the set of reactions that takes place in the cell in the presence of oxygen and releases energy stored in glucose
Anaerobic Cellular Respiration
the set of reactions that takes place in the cell in the absence of oxygen and releases energy stored in the glucose
Glycolysis
a process for harnessing energy in which a glucose molecule into two pyruvate molecules in the cytoplasm of the cell
