Structures and Functions (Body Systems) Flashcards
Trachea
the windpipe, transports air from pharynx and larynx to the bronchi, and transports carbon dioxide and water up
Epiglottis
the structure that covers the glottis (opening of the trachea) during swallowing, to stop liquid and food from entering the trachea, and leads it to the esophagus
Glottis
the opening of the trachea
Larynx
the voice box
Bronchi
the passages from the trachea to the left and right lung through the bronchioles
Bronchiole
transports air from the bronchi to the alveoli, controls the amount of air distributed into the lung by constricting and dilating
Alveoli
sacs of the lung in which gas exchange occurs
Diaphragm
a sheet of muscle that separates the organs of the thoracic cavity from those of the abdominal cavity, relaxes and contracts to decrease and increase the pressure in the thoracic cavity, respectively
Intercostal Muscle
a muscle that raises and lowers the rib cage
Artery
a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
Vein
a blood vessel that carries blood towards the heart
Septum
a wall of muscle that separates the right and left sides of the heart
Atrium
a thin-walled chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins
Ventricle
a muscular, think-walled chamber of the heart that delivers blood to the arteries
Atrioventricular (AV) Valve
a heart valve that prevents the backflow of blood from a ventricle into an atrium
Semilunar Valve
a valve that prevents the backflow of blood from an artery into a ventricle
Aorta
carries the oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle, to the body
Sinoatrial (SA) Node
a small mass of tissue in the right atrium that originates the impulses stimulating the heartbeat
Atrioventricular (AV) Node
a small mass of tissue in the right AV region through which impulses from the SA node are passed to the ventricles
Purkinje Fibre
a nerve fibre that branches and carries electrical impulses throughout the ventricles
Ureter
a tube that conducts urine from the kidneys and renal pelvis to the bladder
Urethra
the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body
Cortex
the outer layer of the kidney, filters blood and removes unwanted substances out of the body
Medulla
the area inside of the cortex, contains nephrons, which maintain the balance of water and salt within the blood
Renal Pelvis
the hollow area where the kidney joins the ureter, collects urine from the nephrons
Collecting Duct
a tube that carries urine from nephrons to the renal pelvis
Lips
used to judge the temperature and texture of foods
Teeth
used to chew (masticate) food into small pieces
Tongue
facilitates the movement of food around the mouth during chewing and assists in swallowing
Salivary Glands
secretes saliva at the smell and taste of food, the secretion of saliva begins the breakdown of food
Pharynx (digestive system)
receives food from mouth and delivers it to the esophagus
Esophagus
carries the food to the stomach
Stomach
holds food while it is being mixed with the enzymes that break food down into a usable form. the lining of the stomach secretes a strong acid and powerful enzymes that are responsible for the break down process.
Small Intestine (duodenum)
lots of digestion and absorption
Small Intestine (jejunum)
little digestion, lots of absorption
Small Intestine (ileum)
little to no digestion, some absorption
Large Intestine
responsible for processing waste, so emptying bowels is easy and efficient, removes water to convert stool from a liquid to a solid
Rectum
connects the colon to the anus, receives stool from the large intestine, holds stool until it is ready to be evacuated
Anus
controls release of stool
Anal Sphincter
muscle that controls the release of stool
Liver
processes the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine
Bile Duct
carries bile from the gallbladder and empties it into the upper part of the small intestine
Gall Bladder
stores and concentrates bile, releases the bile into the duodenum to help absorb and digest fats
Pancreas
secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum
Nasal Cavity
warms and filters incoming air, breathes our carbon dioxide and water
Oral Cavity
takes in and warms incoming air, breathes out carbon dioxide and water
Pharynx (respiratory system)
transports air, also filters the air with mucus, before the air enters the larynx
Lung
contains structures for gas exchange, expands and retracts with the diaphragm and inter–coastal muscles to affect the pressure in the thoracic cavity
Pulmonary Artery
carries the deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle, to the lungs
Superior Vena Cava
carries the deoxygenated blood from the body, to the right atrium
Pulmonary Vein
carries the oxygenated blood from the lungs, to the left atrium
Right Atrium
pumps the blood from the Vena Cava, to the right ventricle
Left Atrium
pumps the blood from the pulmonary veins, to the left ventricle
Right Ventricle
pumps the blood from the right atrium, to the pulmonary artery
Left Ventricle
pumps the blood from the left atrium, to the aorta
Inferior Vena Cava
carries the deoxygenated blood from the body, to the right atrium
Pulmonary Valve
prevents the blood from traveling from the pulmonary artery, back to the right ventricle
Tricuspid Valve
prevents the blood from traveling from the right ventricle, back to the right atrium
Bicuspid Valve
prevents the blood from traveling from the left ventricle, back to the left atrium
Aortic Valve
prevents the blood from traveling from the aorta, back to the left ventricle
Kidney
after the body has taken what it needs from its food and drink, the kidneys filter the waste
Bladder
stores urine, which allows urine to be infrequent and voluntary
Renal Artery
brings waste filled blood into the kidneys for filtering in the nephrons
Renal Vein
removes the filtered blood from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava
