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Biology 20 > Structures and Functions (Body Systems) > Flashcards

Structures and Functions (Body Systems) Flashcards

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1
Q

Trachea

A

the windpipe, transports air from pharynx and larynx to the bronchi, and transports carbon dioxide and water up

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2
Q

Epiglottis

A

the structure that covers the glottis (opening of the trachea) during swallowing, to stop liquid and food from entering the trachea, and leads it to the esophagus

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3
Q

Glottis

A

the opening of the trachea

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4
Q

Larynx

A

the voice box

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5
Q

Bronchi

A

the passages from the trachea to the left and right lung through the bronchioles

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6
Q

Bronchiole

A

transports air from the bronchi to the alveoli, controls the amount of air distributed into the lung by constricting and dilating

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7
Q

Alveoli

A

sacs of the lung in which gas exchange occurs

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8
Q

Diaphragm

A

a sheet of muscle that separates the organs of the thoracic cavity from those of the abdominal cavity, relaxes and contracts to decrease and increase the pressure in the thoracic cavity, respectively

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9
Q

Intercostal Muscle

A

a muscle that raises and lowers the rib cage

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10
Q

Artery

A

a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

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11
Q

Vein

A

a blood vessel that carries blood towards the heart

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12
Q

Septum

A

a wall of muscle that separates the right and left sides of the heart

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13
Q

Atrium

A

a thin-walled chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins

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14
Q

Ventricle

A

a muscular, think-walled chamber of the heart that delivers blood to the arteries

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15
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) Valve

A

a heart valve that prevents the backflow of blood from a ventricle into an atrium

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16
Q

Semilunar Valve

A

a valve that prevents the backflow of blood from an artery into a ventricle

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17
Q

Aorta

A

carries the oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle, to the body

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18
Q

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

A

a small mass of tissue in the right atrium that originates the impulses stimulating the heartbeat

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19
Q

Atrioventricular (AV) Node

A

a small mass of tissue in the right AV region through which impulses from the SA node are passed to the ventricles

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20
Q

Purkinje Fibre

A

a nerve fibre that branches and carries electrical impulses throughout the ventricles

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21
Q

Ureter

A

a tube that conducts urine from the kidneys and renal pelvis to the bladder

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22
Q

Urethra

A

the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the exterior of the body

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23
Q

Cortex

A

the outer layer of the kidney, filters blood and removes unwanted substances out of the body

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24
Q

Medulla

A

the area inside of the cortex, contains nephrons, which maintain the balance of water and salt within the blood

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25
Q

Renal Pelvis

A

the hollow area where the kidney joins the ureter, collects urine from the nephrons

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26
Q

Collecting Duct

A

a tube that carries urine from nephrons to the renal pelvis

27
Q

Lips

A

used to judge the temperature and texture of foods

28
Q

Teeth

A

used to chew (masticate) food into small pieces

29
Q

Tongue

A

facilitates the movement of food around the mouth during chewing and assists in swallowing

30
Q

Salivary Glands

A

secretes saliva at the smell and taste of food, the secretion of saliva begins the breakdown of food

31
Q

Pharynx (digestive system)

A

receives food from mouth and delivers it to the esophagus

32
Q

Esophagus

A

carries the food to the stomach

33
Q

Stomach

A

holds food while it is being mixed with the enzymes that break food down into a usable form. the lining of the stomach secretes a strong acid and powerful enzymes that are responsible for the break down process.

34
Q

Small Intestine (duodenum)

A

lots of digestion and absorption

35
Q

Small Intestine (jejunum)

A

little digestion, lots of absorption

36
Q

Small Intestine (ileum)

A

little to no digestion, some absorption

37
Q

Large Intestine

A

responsible for processing waste, so emptying bowels is easy and efficient, removes water to convert stool from a liquid to a solid

38
Q

Rectum

A

connects the colon to the anus, receives stool from the large intestine, holds stool until it is ready to be evacuated

39
Q

Anus

A

controls release of stool

40
Q

Anal Sphincter

A

muscle that controls the release of stool

41
Q

Liver

A

processes the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine

42
Q

Bile Duct

A

carries bile from the gallbladder and empties it into the upper part of the small intestine

43
Q

Gall Bladder

A

stores and concentrates bile, releases the bile into the duodenum to help absorb and digest fats

44
Q

Pancreas

A

secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum

45
Q

Nasal Cavity

A

warms and filters incoming air, breathes our carbon dioxide and water

46
Q

Oral Cavity

A

takes in and warms incoming air, breathes out carbon dioxide and water

47
Q

Pharynx (respiratory system)

A

transports air, also filters the air with mucus, before the air enters the larynx

48
Q

Lung

A

contains structures for gas exchange, expands and retracts with the diaphragm and inter–coastal muscles to affect the pressure in the thoracic cavity

49
Q

Pulmonary Artery

A

carries the deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle, to the lungs

50
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

carries the deoxygenated blood from the body, to the right atrium

51
Q

Pulmonary Vein

A

carries the oxygenated blood from the lungs, to the left atrium

52
Q

Right Atrium

A

pumps the blood from the Vena Cava, to the right ventricle

53
Q

Left Atrium

A

pumps the blood from the pulmonary veins, to the left ventricle

54
Q

Right Ventricle

A

pumps the blood from the right atrium, to the pulmonary artery

55
Q

Left Ventricle

A

pumps the blood from the left atrium, to the aorta

56
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

carries the deoxygenated blood from the body, to the right atrium

57
Q

Pulmonary Valve

A

prevents the blood from traveling from the pulmonary artery, back to the right ventricle

58
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

prevents the blood from traveling from the right ventricle, back to the right atrium

59
Q

Bicuspid Valve

A

prevents the blood from traveling from the left ventricle, back to the left atrium

60
Q

Aortic Valve

A

prevents the blood from traveling from the aorta, back to the left ventricle

61
Q

Kidney

A

after the body has taken what it needs from its food and drink, the kidneys filter the waste

62
Q

Bladder

A

stores urine, which allows urine to be infrequent and voluntary

63
Q

Renal Artery

A

brings waste filled blood into the kidneys for filtering in the nephrons

64
Q

Renal Vein

A

removes the filtered blood from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava

Biology 20 (5 decks)

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