UNIT A STUDY DECK Flashcards
What is matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Define a fluid
-Any material that has no fixed shape
-Usually in a gas or liquid state
-Takes up space in the container it’s in
-i.e water and air
What is a slurry
A mixture of solids in water
What is slurry technology
Transport solids in water
What is a pure substance
Have a unique set of properties
Are all 1 substance
Can not be separated
What is a mixture
Contains 2 or more pure substances combined together
What is another word for a heterogenous mixture
Mechanical mixture
What is a heterogeneous mixture
Mixtures with different parts that can be seen
What is another word for a homogeneous mixture
A solution
What is a homogeneous mixture
Are mixtures that look like they only have 1 set of properties
What is a suspension
Cloudy mixtures where solid particles do not dissolve in a liquid
Will separate if left out
What is a colloid
Cloudy mixtures that have too small of particles to separate out
Give an example of a solution, mechanical mixture, suspension, and a colloid
Steel,trail mix, sour cream, mayonnaise.
What is a solute
The substance that gets dissolved
What is a solvent
The substance that does the dissolving
What does it mean to have a concentrated solution
Large amounts of solute in the solvent
What does it mean to have a diluted solution
small amounts of solute in the solvent
What does Unsaturated mean
A solution where more solute can dissolve
What does saturated mean
a solution where no more solute can dissolve at a given temperature
What does insoluble mean
Where a solute can not dissolve in the solvent
What is solubility
The maximum amount of solute you can dissolve in a given amount of a solvent at a given temperature.
What is a saturation point
The point of which no more solute can dissolve in the given volume of the solvent at a given temperature
What are the 3 things solubility depends on
Temperature of solvent
Type of solvent
Type of solute
As the temperature goes up, so does the solubility for solid/liquid
(True or false)
True
solubility increases as the temperature of the solvent increases
As you increase the temperature in a gas, the more GAS dissolves
(True or false)
False
solubility of a gas in a liquid solvent decreases as the temperature increases
What solvent is called the universal solvent
Water
What is another name for water
Aquarius solution
What is the particle model of matter
All matter is made up of very small particles
The particles may be attracted to each other
Particles have gaps in between them
Particles are always in motion (vibrate, slide, rotate)
What actually happens when dissolving occurs
Particles of the solute are attracted to the particles in the solvent
What happens when you mix 2 substances
(Particles are all different sizes) small particles of one substance fill in the spaces between the larger particles of the other.
What are the 3 things that can affect the rate of dissolving
Temperature- Higher the temperature, faster the particles dissolve
Size of the pieces- To increase the surface area
Stirring- Moving the particles
What are the 3 types of matter
Solid, liquid, gas
How can you tell if a fluid is a pure substance or solution
Do a paper chromatography test
What is thermal pollution
The release of excessive heat into the environment
(Bodies of water)
How does paper chromatography work
It works through the absorption of the solvent up the paper to see if the solute being tested is a solution or a pure substance
How can you tell if a fluid is a pure substance or a solution?
If it is a solution, it will melt or change into different colors, if it is a pure substance, it will remain the same color
What does the distance a fluid travels tell us about its attraction to
the paper
If the substance is really attracted to the paper it’s not going to go fast at all
What is Viscosity?
How quickly a fluid (liquid or gas) flows
What does it mean when a fluid has a HIGH Viscosity?
Fluid flows slower
What does it mean when a fluid has a LOW viscosity
Fluid flows quicker
Give an example of a fluid with a high viscosity
Honey and dish soap
Give an example of a fluid with a low viscosity
Water, liquid spray sanitizer
What happens if you add heat to a liquid
The fluid flows faster
What happens when you add heat to a gas
The gas flows slower
What is the definition of density
The amount of matter in a given substance
If the density of a substance is greater than the density of the fluid, the substance will _____
sink
If the density of a substance is less than the density of the fluid, the substance will ______
float
If the density of a substance is the same as the density of the fluid, the substance will _______
hover
How does temperature affect density
The more energy added, the more the particles will spread and will take up more space
How does concentration affect density
Buy increasing the concentration, you increase the density
(i.e. egg in salt water)
What is the force of gravity
A force that pulls down the object
What is the buoyant force
A force that pushed the object upward
What is the definition of a buoyant force
The tendency of an object to float
How does an object float
When the buoyant force is greater than the force of gravity
What are the 4 types fluid properties
Buoyancy, compressibility, density, and viscosity
What is a valve
Regulate the amount of flow
What is average density
Total mass of an object divided by the total volume
Compression definition
Extent to which a substance (solid, liquid, gas) can be compressed
What is the difference between gas compressibility and liquid compressibility
Gas is compressible, while liquid is not easily compressed
How can the particle model explain the difference in compressibility between gases and liquids
There is more space in a gas then a liquid or solid
What is pressure
The amount of force applied on a given area
What is pressure measured in
Pascals (Pa)
What is a hydraulic system?
A system that uses liquid under pressure (in a confined space) to move loads or transfer forces
What is a pneumatic system
System that uses a gas (i.e. air) under pressure (in a confined space) to move loads or transfer forces
Give an example of a hydraulic system
Car hoist
Give an example of a pneumatic system
Dentist drill, jack hammer
What must happen for a hydraulic system or a pneumatic system to work
It must be enclosed
What is the relationship between viscosity and flow rate
as viscosity increases, flow rates decreases.
What is the definition of a pump
A device that helps move fluid into something
What is pascal’s law
An enclosed fluid transmits pressure equally in all directions
