(Cells and systems) Flashcards
Study for the cells and systems unit test
Nucleus
“Command Centre” Provides nutrients and growth to the cell
Cell Membrane
“Controllable gateway” Keeps good materials in, bad ones out
Cell Wall
“Frame” Holds strength and support to the cell
Cytoplasm
“Kitchen” Holds nutrients that the cell needs to keep it alive
Vacuole
“Storage room” Hold nutrients, water, sugars, and other substances needed
Mitochondion
“Powerhouse” where chemical reactions happen
Chloroplast
“Solar Panels” carry out the suns energy into food
6 characteristics of living things
Made up of cells, need energy, grow and develop, respond to the environment, reproduce, adaptations
Structure and function definition
Structure- A part of an organism that performs a specific task
Function- What does the task
Organs and Organ System Definition
Organs- Group of tissues that work together to perform a function
Organ system- Group of organisms that perform a task
What is the equation for organ systems
Cells—Tissues—Organs—Organ Systems
Microscope Definition
An instrument used in science to see things that can’t be seen to the naked eye
Compound Microscope Lenses
Ocular Lens= 10x
Objective Lens= 4x 10x 40x
Calculating Magnification
10 x 4= 40
10 x 10=100
10 x 40=400
What is 1000 μm in millilitre
1 milliliter
Cells Definition
Smallest organism, and structure of life
Tissues Definition
Groups of specialized cells
Organ Definition
Group of tissues that perform a special task
Organ System Definition
Group of organs that work together to perform a special task
Organelle Definition
Specialized structures found in an animal or plant cell that all have specific functions.
Why are cells so small
Because they function more efficiently when small
Unicellular Organisms
Only ONE single cell
Mycoplasma
Lack a cell wall so it is unaffected by antibiotics and harmful to humans and animals—Respiratory infections—smallest organism
Amoeba
Move around and capture food using foot like projections called pseudopods
How does an amoeba gather food
Pseudopods—fuse together—make vacuole—food is digested through the cytoplasm
Paramecium
Lives in water, covered in hair like structure called cilia.
How does a paramecium gather food
Oral groove—channel lined with cilia—which sweeps food into the bottom—food enters vacuole—moves and then is digested in the cytoplasm
Multicellular organisms
TWO OR MANY CELLS!!!
Plant and animal grow bigger by adding more cells, they reproduce
Unicellular organisms function
Must carry out all functions to keep the organism alive. Ex: Eat, move,get rid of waste, reproduce, react to stimuli
Multicellular organisms functions
Specialized cells carry out different functions, they rely on many specialized cells to perform functions and keep them alive
Why is it better to be a multicellular organism
Can live almost anywhere, get food from a lot of courses, cells work together
Why is it better to be a multicellular organism
Can live almost anywhere, get food from a lot of courses, cells work together
Why is it not great to be a unicellular organism
Can’t grow very lardge, usually can only live in water or food rich environment
Cells exchange___________
Substances
Organelle is responsible for the________
Cell membrane
What are the 3 kind of membranes
Permeable, impermeable, selectively permeable membrane
What does the permeable membrane do
Allows ALL materials to cross
What does the impermeable membrane do
Allows NO materials to cross
What does the selectively permeable membrane do
Allows CERTAIN materials to cross
The cell membrane ___________
Acts as a filter with tiny holes that allow SOME particles to pass through
Diffusion Definition
The movement of a particles from an area of high concentration to low
Diffusion is a__________
Balancing out process that will continue until all the particles are evenly distributed, or reach an equilibrium
Why does diffusion happen in cells
Particles are always moving and colliding, want to go where there is more space (high to low concentration)
Osmosis definition
The diffusion of WATER through a selectively permeable membrane
Why does osmosis happen
The water want to move from a place of highsonsentration to low concentration, where there is fewer water molecules
What will happen if a cell is in salt water solution
Concentration of water is higher inside the cell than outside, therefore water moves out of the cell causing it to SHRINK
What will happen if the cell is in pure water
Concentration is lower on the inside then the outside, therefore water moves into the cell, causing it to swell
Cells also can________
Divide
Cells have specific that help them_________
Perform particular functions
Name 3 cells in the human body
Nerve cell, muscle cells, fat cells adipose cells
What are the 4 types of tissue in humans
Connective
Epithelial
Nervous
Muscle
What are the 3 types of plant tissues
Photosynthetic/storage
Protective
Transport
