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(Cells and systems) Flashcards

Study for the cells and systems unit test

1
Q

Nucleus

A

“Command Centre” Provides nutrients and growth to the cell

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2
Q

Cell Membrane

A

“Controllable gateway” Keeps good materials in, bad ones out

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3
Q

Cell Wall

A

“Frame” Holds strength and support to the cell

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

“Kitchen” Holds nutrients that the cell needs to keep it alive

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5
Q

Vacuole

A

“Storage room” Hold nutrients, water, sugars, and other substances needed

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6
Q

Mitochondion

A

“Powerhouse” where chemical reactions happen

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7
Q

Chloroplast

A

“Solar Panels” carry out the suns energy into food

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8
Q

6 characteristics of living things

A

Made up of cells, need energy, grow and develop, respond to the environment, reproduce, adaptations

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9
Q

Structure and function definition

A

Structure- A part of an organism that performs a specific task

Function- What does the task

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10
Q

Organs and Organ System Definition

A

Organs- Group of tissues that work together to perform a function

Organ system- Group of organisms that perform a task

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11
Q

What is the equation for organ systems

A

Cells—Tissues—Organs—Organ Systems

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12
Q

Microscope Definition

A

An instrument used in science to see things that can’t be seen to the naked eye

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13
Q

Compound Microscope Lenses

A

Ocular Lens= 10x

Objective Lens= 4x 10x 40x

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14
Q

Calculating Magnification

A

10 x 4= 40
10 x 10=100
10 x 40=400

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15
Q

What is 1000 μm in millilitre

A

1 milliliter

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16
Q

Cells Definition

A

Smallest organism, and structure of life

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17
Q

Tissues Definition

A

Groups of specialized cells

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18
Q

Organ Definition

A

Group of tissues that perform a special task

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19
Q

Organ System Definition

A

Group of organs that work together to perform a special task

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20
Q

Organelle Definition

A

Specialized structures found in an animal or plant cell that all have specific functions.

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21
Q

Why are cells so small

A

Because they function more efficiently when small

22
Q

Unicellular Organisms

A

Only ONE single cell

23
Q

Mycoplasma

A

Lack a cell wall so it is unaffected by antibiotics and harmful to humans and animals—Respiratory infections—smallest organism

24
Q

Amoeba

A

Move around and capture food using foot like projections called pseudopods

25
Q

How does an amoeba gather food

A

Pseudopods—fuse together—make vacuole—food is digested through the cytoplasm

26
Q

Paramecium

A

Lives in water, covered in hair like structure called cilia.

27
Q

How does a paramecium gather food

A

Oral groove—channel lined with cilia—which sweeps food into the bottom—food enters vacuole—moves and then is digested in the cytoplasm

28
Q

Multicellular organisms

A

TWO OR MANY CELLS!!!
Plant and animal grow bigger by adding more cells, they reproduce

29
Q

Unicellular organisms function

A

Must carry out all functions to keep the organism alive. Ex: Eat, move,get rid of waste, reproduce, react to stimuli

30
Q

Multicellular organisms functions

A

Specialized cells carry out different functions, they rely on many specialized cells to perform functions and keep them alive

31
Q

Why is it better to be a multicellular organism

A

Can live almost anywhere, get food from a lot of courses, cells work together

32
Q

Why is it better to be a multicellular organism

A

Can live almost anywhere, get food from a lot of courses, cells work together

33
Q

Why is it not great to be a unicellular organism

A

Can’t grow very lardge, usually can only live in water or food rich environment

34
Q

Cells exchange___________

A

Substances

35
Q

Organelle is responsible for the________

A

Cell membrane

36
Q

What are the 3 kind of membranes

A

Permeable, impermeable, selectively permeable membrane

37
Q

What does the permeable membrane do

A

Allows ALL materials to cross

38
Q

What does the impermeable membrane do

A

Allows NO materials to cross

39
Q

What does the selectively permeable membrane do

A

Allows CERTAIN materials to cross

40
Q

The cell membrane ___________

A

Acts as a filter with tiny holes that allow SOME particles to pass through

41
Q

Diffusion Definition

A

The movement of a particles from an area of high concentration to low

42
Q

Diffusion is a__________

A

Balancing out process that will continue until all the particles are evenly distributed, or reach an equilibrium

43
Q

Why does diffusion happen in cells

A

Particles are always moving and colliding, want to go where there is more space (high to low concentration)

44
Q

Osmosis definition

A

The diffusion of WATER through a selectively permeable membrane

45
Q

Why does osmosis happen

A

The water want to move from a place of highsonsentration to low concentration, where there is fewer water molecules

46
Q

What will happen if a cell is in salt water solution

A

Concentration of water is higher inside the cell than outside, therefore water moves out of the cell causing it to SHRINK

47
Q

What will happen if the cell is in pure water

A

Concentration is lower on the inside then the outside, therefore water moves into the cell, causing it to swell

48
Q

Cells also can________

A

Divide

49
Q

Cells have specific that help them_________

A

Perform particular functions

50
Q

Name 3 cells in the human body

A

Nerve cell, muscle cells, fat cells adipose cells

51
Q

What are the 4 types of tissue in humans

A

Connective
Epithelial
Nervous
Muscle

52
Q

What are the 3 types of plant tissues

A

Photosynthetic/storage
Protective
Transport

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