Unit A: Sections 1&2 (Grade 8)

Question 1

Particle Model of Matter

Answer 1

PMAST
All matter is made of tiny PARTICLES.
The particles are always MOVING or VIBRATING (have kinetic energy).
The particles are ATTRACTED to each other and have SPACES between them.
As TEMPERATURE increases, the particles move more (kinetic energy increases)

Question 2

Hazard Symbol

Answer 2

A sign that tells you to be aware and careful while handling said substance.
Shape/Colour indicates HOW dangerous something is
The symbol tells you WHAT the danger is.
- More sides = More danger
- Yellow - Red = Increasing in danger

Question 3

WHMIS

Answer 3

Workplace
Hazardous
Materials
Information
System

Question 4

Fluids

What are fluids? What are their properties?

Answer 4

Can be liquids or gases
Anything that has no fixed shape and can flow
1. Move Materials (Hose washing mud)
2. Process Materials
- Glass - shape comes from melting into liquid
- Steel - when mixture of elements melted together,
forms a solid
3. Use Materials (Toothpaste - a fluid - HOLDS tooth detergents)

Question 5

Slurries

Answer 5

Mixtures of water and solids (mud/dirt)

Question 6

Matter

What is Matter?

Answer 6

• Anything that takes up space
• Made up of tiny particles invisible to the naked eye
• Has mass
• physicaly separated between pure substances and mixtures

Question 7

Metal

Answer 7

A substance that conducts electricity
[Does it conduct electricity?]
[Yes –> Metal]
[No –> Non-Metal]

Question 8

Sublimation

Answer 8

Solid-Gas

Question 9

Deposition

Answer 9

Gas-Solid

Question 10

Pure Substance

Answer 10

• Made up of one type of particle that cannot be separated
• All particles of one pure substance that is all the same
• Can be [chemical reactions are] elements or compounds

Question 11

Mixtures

Answer 11

Multiple substances mixed
Can be classified as either homogeneous (solution) or heterogeneous
Has 3 heter. types
- Mechanical Mixture
- Suspension
- Colloid

Question 12

Homogeneous

Provide example(s)

Answer 12

Looks like 1 substance (coffee, tea)

Question 13

Heterogeneous

Answer 13

Can see all different parts (pizza, cookie, cereal)

Question 14

Compound

Answer 14

A substance that consists of multiple elements

Question 14

Element

Answer 14

Something that cannot be simplified/broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

Question 15

Mechanical Mixture

Provide Examples

Answer 15

Can be identified and disassembled (cookie, chili, stew)

Question 16

Suspension

Provide Example

Answer 16

Cloudy mixture in which droplets are suspended in another substance (oil in water)

Question 17

Colloid

Answer 17

Cloudy mixtures, but the droplets are so small that they don’t separate easily (milk)

Question 18

Solution

Howdo you get a solution? What is it?

Answer 18

• Particles of one “fit” between others, making it look like one substance
• A homogenous mixture
• Multiple pure substances mixed
  Dissolving one substance into another = Solution

Question 19

mPhysical Properties

Answer 19

• Can be OBSERVED/MEASURED without altering the substance
• Observable with 5 senses

Question 20

Physical Changes

Answer 20

The substance (CHEMICAL MAKEUP) is not changed.
Size
State
Form

(Water/Ripping Paper)

Question 21

Qualitative

Answer 21

Only requires observations and descriptors ((colour, viscosity, lustre, texture, etc.))

Question 22

Quantitative

Answer 22

Properties that can be measured ((boiling/melting point, electrical conductivity, density, viscosity))

Question 23

Chemical Changes

Answer 23

When multiple substances combine to create a new/verydifferent substance.
Chemical changes are changes in colour, odour, formation of gas/solids, release/absorption of heat

Question 24

Chemical Properties

Answer 24

Describes how a substance interacts with another. Chemical properties include reactions with Acids, Water, Heat, Burns, Oxygen/Air

Question 25

Endothermic

Answer 25

Absorption of heat. (En=Enter) Feels COLD

Question 26

Exothermic

Answer 26

Release of heat. (Ex=Exit) Feels HOT

Question 27

Solute

Answer 27

The substance that dissolves within another substance (sugar)

Question 28

Solvent

Answer 28

The substance that does the dissolving (water)

Question 29

Concentrated // (-tion)

Answer 29

A solution with LOTS of solute compared to the solvent Amount of solute within the solvent Solute/Solvent x 100% g/mL x 100%

Question 30

Dilute

Answer 30

A solution with LITTLE solute compared to solvent (whiskey and water)

Question 31

Solubility

Answer 31

The MAXIMUM amount of solute that can be dissolved within the solvent at a given TEMPERATURE. Solute/Temperature x 100%

Question 32

Saturation Point

Answer 32

The point where no more solute can be added to the solvent; the solvent/solution resists.

Question 33

PPE

Answer 33

Personal Protective Equipment

Question 34

Saturated

Answer 34

A saturated solution is a solution in which no more solute can dissolve at a given temperature Value = On Line

Question 35

Unsaturated

Answer 35

More solute can dissolve Value = Below Line

Question 36

Supersaturated

Answer 36

A supersaturated solution is one that contains more solute than it normally would be able to dissolve at a certain temperature

Question 37

What affects the dissolving rate in solutions?

Answer 37

Agitation - shaking/stirring Temperature - increasing speeds, decreasing slows Surface Area - solution takes up more space (wide)

Question 38

What does water weigh?

Answer 38

1 g/mL

Question 39

Properties

Answer 39

Characteristics that describe matter

Question 40

Lustre

Answer 40

Shine

Question 41

Hardness

Answer 41

A substance's ability to resist being scratched Can be measured by the Mohs' Scale Talc-Diamond

Question 42

Melting Point (PHP)

Answer 42

The point where subs. changes from solid-liquid (Water = 0°C)

Question 43

Boiling point (PHP)

Answer 43

The temperature at which a subs. changes from liquid-gas (Water = 100°C)

Question 44

Malleability

Answer 44

The ability to be compressed/folded into sheets (aluminum)

Question 45

Ductility

Answer 45

Ability to be stretched into long wires (copper)

Question 46

Density

Answer 46

Amount of mass in a given volume of a subs. Water = 1g/mL

Question 47

Conductivity

Answer 47

Ability to conduct electricity or heat (think conductors and insulators)

Question 48

Plasticity

Answer 48

Can be shaped/molded

Question 49

Crystal

Answer 49

A substance having a distinct shape for crystal Silicon crystals are diamond-shaped, and salt is in cubes