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Science 8-10, Social 8 > Unit A: Sections 1&2 (Grade 8) > Flashcards

Unit A: Sections 1&2 (Grade 8) Flashcards

Most questions in this deck relate mainly to the following: - Matter (particles, Kinetic Energy...) - Safety in the Lab (WHMIS, Hazard Symbols, etc)

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Particle Model of Matter

A

PMAST
All matter is made of tiny PARTICLES.
The particles are always MOVING or VIBRATING (have kinetic energy).
The particles are ATTRACTED to each other and have SPACES between them.
As TEMPERATURE increases, the particles move more (kinetic energy increases)

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2
Q

Hazard Symbol

A

A sign that tells you to be aware and careful while handling said substance.
Shape/Colour indicates HOW dangerous something is
The symbol tells you WHAT the danger is.
- More sides = More danger
- Yellow - Red = Increasing in danger

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3
Q

WHMIS

A

Workplace
Hazardous
Materials
Information
System

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4
Q

Fluids

What are fluids? What are their properties?

A

Can be liquids or gases
Anything that has no fixed shape and can flow
1. Move Materials (Hose washing mud)
2. Process Materials
- Glass - shape comes from melting into liquid
- Steel - when mixture of elements melted together,
forms a solid
3. Use Materials (Toothpaste - a fluid - HOLDS tooth detergents)

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5
Q

Slurries

A

Mixtures of water and solids (mud/dirt)

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6
Q

Matter

What is Matter?

A
  • Anything that takes up space
  • Made up of tiny particles invisible to the naked eye
  • Has mass
  • physicaly separated between pure substances and mixtures
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7
Q

Metal

A

A substance that conducts electricity
[Does it conduct electricity?]
[Yes –> Metal]
[No –> Non-Metal]

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8
Q

Sublimation

A

Solid-Gas

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9
Q

Deposition

A

Gas-Solid

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10
Q

Pure Substance

A
  • Made up of one type of particle that cannot be separated
  • All particles of one pure substance that is all the same
  • Can be [chemical reactions are] elements or compounds
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11
Q

Mixtures

A

Multiple substances mixed
Can be classified as either homogeneous (solution) or heterogeneous
Has 3 heter. types
- Mechanical Mixture
- Suspension
- Colloid

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12
Q

Homogeneous

Provide example(s)

A

Looks like 1 substance (coffee, tea)

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13
Q

Heterogeneous

A

Can see all different parts (pizza, cookie, cereal)

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14
Q

Compound

A

A substance that consists of multiple elements

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14
Q

Element

A

Something that cannot be simplified/broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

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15
Q

Mechanical Mixture

Provide Examples

A

Can be identified and disassembled (cookie, chili, stew)

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16
Q

Suspension

Provide Example

A

Cloudy mixture in which droplets are suspended in another substance (oil in water)

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17
Q

Colloid

A

Cloudy mixtures, but the droplets are so small that they don’t separate easily (milk)

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18
Q

Solution

Howdo you get a solution? What is it?

A
  • Particles of one “fit” between others, making it look like one substance
  • A homogenous mixture
  • Multiple pure substances mixed
    Dissolving one substance into another = Solution
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19
Q

mPhysical Properties

A
  • Can be OBSERVED/MEASURED without altering the substance
  • Observable with 5 senses
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20
Q

Physical Changes

A

The substance (CHEMICAL MAKEUP) is not changed.
Size
State
Form

(Water/Ripping Paper)

21
Q

Qualitative

A

Only requires observations and descriptors ((colour, viscosity, lustre, texture, etc.))

22
Q

Quantitative

A

Properties that can be measured ((boiling/melting point, electrical conductivity, density, viscosity))

23
Q

Chemical Changes

A

When multiple substances combine to create a new/verydifferent substance.
Chemical changes are changes in colour, odour, formation of gas/solids, release/absorption of heat

24
Q

Chemical Properties

A

Describes how a substance interacts with another. Chemical properties include reactions with Acids, Water, Heat, Burns, Oxygen/Air

25
Q

Endothermic

A

Absorption of heat. (En=Enter)
Feels COLD

26
Q

Exothermic

A

Release of heat. (Ex=Exit) Feels HOT

27
Q

Solute

A

The substance that dissolves within another substance (sugar)

28
Q

Solvent

A

The substance that does the dissolving (water)

29
Q

Concentrated // (-tion)

A

A solution with LOTS of solute compared to the solvent
Amount of solute within the solvent
Solute/Solvent x 100%
g/mL x 100%

30
Q

Dilute

A

A solution with LITTLE solute compared to solvent (whiskey and water)

31
Q

Solubility

A

The MAXIMUM amount of solute that can be dissolved within the solvent at a given TEMPERATURE.
Solute/Temperature x 100%

32
Q

Saturation Point

A

The point where no more solute can be added to the solvent; the solvent/solution resists.

33
Q

PPE

A

Personal
Protective
Equipment

34
Q

Saturated

A

A saturated solution is a solution in which no more solute can dissolve at a given temperature
Value = On Line

35
Q

Unsaturated

A

More solute can dissolve
Value = Below Line

36
Q

Supersaturated

A

A supersaturated solution is one that contains more solute than it normally would be able to dissolve at a certain temperature

37
Q

What affects the dissolving rate in solutions?

A

Agitation - shaking/stirring
Temperature - increasing speeds, decreasing slows
Surface Area - solution takes up more space (wide)

38
Q

What does water weigh?

A

1 g/mL

39
Q

Properties

A

Characteristics that describe matter

40
Q

Lustre

A

Shine

41
Q

Hardness

A

A substance’s ability to resist being scratched
Can be measured by the Mohs’ Scale
Talc-Diamond

42
Q

Melting Point (PHP)

A

The point where subs. changes from solid-liquid
(Water = 0°C)

43
Q

Boiling point (PHP)

A

The temperature at which a subs. changes from liquid-gas
(Water = 100°C)

44
Q

Malleability

A

The ability to be compressed/folded into sheets (aluminum)

45
Q

Ductility

A

Ability to be stretched into long wires (copper)

46
Q

Density

A

Amount of mass in a given volume of a subs.
Water = 1g/mL

47
Q

Conductivity

A

Ability to conduct electricity or heat
(think conductors and insulators)

48
Q

Plasticity

A

Can be shaped/molded

49
Q

Crystal

A

A substance having a distinct shape for crystal
Silicon crystals are diamond-shaped, and salt is in cubes

Science 8-10, Social 8 (8 decks)

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