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Science 8-10, Social 8 > Unit A (2.0): Sections 1&2 (Grade 8) > Flashcards

Unit A (2.0): Sections 1&2 (Grade 8) Flashcards

1
Q

1.1

Hazard Symbol

What is a hazard symbol? How do you know how dangerous the substance is?

A

A sign that indicates a saftey precausion.
A Hazard Symbol is made up of 2 parts:
- Shape/Colour indicate how dangerous something is
- Symbol indicates what the danger is
- Yellow / 3 Sides (CAUTION)
- Orange / 4 Sides (WARNING)
- Red / 8 Sides (DANGER)

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2
Q

WHMIS

A

Workplace
Hazerdous
Materials
Information
System

You’ll most likely find these symbols in a work site or lab

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3
Q

PPE

A

Personal
Protective
Equiptment

Closed toed shoes, hair up, goggles, long sleeves (lab coat), etc.

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4
Q

1.2

FLUIDS

What are fluids and how can they be used?

A
  • Liquids & Gases
  • Anything that flows
  • Has no fixed shape
    PUM
  • PROCESS Materials: Glass is made through heating substances; steel is a mixture of elements that, when melted together, makes a solid.
  • USE Materials: Fluids can hold things together. Toothpaste holds detergent
  • MOVE Materials: You can wash mud off your driveway with a hose.
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5
Q

Slurry

A

Mixtures of water and solids (mud/dirt)

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6
Q

Deposition

A

Gas-Solid

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7
Q

2.1

Sublimation

A

Solid-Gas

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8
Q

Matter

What is matter made up of?

A
  • Takes up space
  • Has mass
  • Made up of tiny particles invisible to the nakes eye
  • Can either be classified as pure substances or mixtures (physical seperation)
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9
Q

Pure Substance

What’s a pure substance?

A
  • Made up of one type of particle that cannot be seperated
  • Can either be compounds or elements
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10
Q

Mixtures

What’s a mixture? What are the types?

A

Multiple substances mixed
- Can either be homogeneous (solution) or heterogenous
3 types:
- Mechanical Mixture - Heter.
- Suspension - Heter.
- Colloid - Heter.

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11
Q

Solution

What’s a solution?

A
  • Multiple pure substances mixed together.
  • Particles ‘fit’ between others, making it impossible to tell them apart
  • Homogeneous

Solvent + Solute = Solution

REMEMBER: A solution can be ANY state of matter

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12
Q

Metal

A

Substance that conducts electricity
[Does it conduct electricity?]
YES - Metal
NO - Non-metal

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13
Q

Paper Chromatography Test

What is the Paper Chromatography Test? Why is this done? How do we know?

A

To tell whether a fluid is a pure substance or a solution
How to tell:
- PURE SUBSTANCE: it will move up the filter paper in ONE section
- SOLUTION: the different substances in the solution will move up the filter paper (strip) in different levels. It seperates the different substances

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14
Q

Properties

What are properties? What are the types?

A

Characteristics that describe matter.
Matter has 2 types of properties:
- Physical Properties
- Chemical Properties

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15
Q

PHYSICAL Properties

What are physical properties?

A

Can be observed/measured WITHOUT altering the substance
Observable with the 5 senses
- Colour
- Lustre
- Hardness
- Melting point
- Boiling Point
- Crystal Shape
- Malleability
- Ductility
- Solubility
- Density
- Conductivity
- Plasticity

Senses: smell, see, touch, taste, hear

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16
Q

Lustre

Physical Property

A

Shininess

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17
Q

Melting Point

Physical Property

A

The temperature in which a substance changes state from solid-liquid

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18
Q

Boiling Point

Physical Property

A

The temperature in which a substance changes from liquid-gas

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19
Q

Hardness

Physical Property

A

The substance’s ability to resist being scrached.
Can be measured on the Moh’s Scale (1 = Talc, 10 = Diamond)

20
Q

Malleability

Physical Property

A

Can be compressed/rolled into sheets (aluminum)

21
Q

Ductility

Physical Property

A

Can be stretched into long wires (copper)

22
Q

Solubility

Physical Property // What is solubility?

A

MAXIMUM amount of a solute that can dissolve within a solvent at a specific temperature
FOMULA: How much solute can dissolve within a solvent a given temperature. g/mL and temperature

23
Q

Density

Physical Property

A

Amount of mass in a given volume of a substance

Water = 1 g/mL

24
Q

Conductivity

A

Can conduct electricty or heat

Think: Conductor vs Insulator

25
Plasticity
Can be shaped/molded
26
Qualitative
Requires only observations and discriptors
27
Quantitative
Properties that can be measured
28
Physical CHANGES
The chemical makeup is **not** changed Changes: -Usually- - Size - State (Water = Even as ice or solid, it is still H2O) - Form (Ripping Paper = The paper has ripped, but it is still paper)
29
CHEMICAL Properties | What are the chemical properties? Provide a definition
- Observed when a chemical change occurs - Describes how a substance interacts with another **Reacts/ability to**... - Acids - Water - Heat - Oxygen/Air - Burn
30
Chemical CHANGES | What are chemical changes?
- Results in a new/-very- different susbstance - Action *cannot be reversed* **Changes in the following** - Colour - Odour - Absorption/release of heat - Formation of a solid/gas (precipitate) | Ex: Burning Wood
31
Exothermic vs Endothermic
**Exo**thermic: Releases Heat (feels HOT) **Endo**thermic: Absorbs heat (feels COLD) | Exo(think EXIT) // Endo(think ENTER)
32
# 2.2 Solute
The substance that dissolves within another | Sugar
33
Solvent
Substance that does the dissolving | Water
34
Concentrated vs Diluted
**C**: A solution with LOTS of solute compared to the solvent **D**: A solution with LITTLE solute compared to the solvent | NOTE: They aren't exact terms, but give a general idea ## Footnote Think of how whisky is diluted with water because how strong whisky is alone. In this case, whisky would be a solute within the water (solvent).
35
Saturation Point | What is a saturation point?
Point where no more solute can be dissolved.If anymore solute is added, the solvent/solution will **resist**/push back.
36
SATURATED Solution | What is a saturated solution?
A saturated solution is when no more solute can dissolve within the solvent. Value = On Line
37
UNSATURATED Solution | What is an unsaturated solution?
A solution that completely dissolves leaving no remaining solute. Value = Below Line
38
SUPERSATURATED Solution | What is a supersaturated solution?
A solution that contains more than it normally would be able to dissolve at a certain **temperature** (Needs HEAT) - Has more solute that a saturated solution. Needs HEAT Value = Above Line | Crystals form
39
Factors that Affect Solubility | What are the factors that affect solubility?
- Agitation: Stirring/shaking (increases dissolving rate) - Temperature: A rize in temperature speeds up kinetic activity therefore increasing the dissolving rate - Surface Area: Increasing surface area (wider) will increase dissolving rates
40
**PMAST** | What is the particle model of matter?
- All matter is made up of tiny **particles** - The particles are always **moving** / vibrating - All particles are **attracted** to eachother and have **spaces** between them - As **temperature** INCREASES, kinetic energy increases (the particles get faster)
41
Kinetic Energy/Forces in the States of Matter | Which state of matter has the most/least kinetic energy? Forces? Why?
- Solids -- LEAST Amount of Kinetic Energy // STRONG Forces - Liquids -- Moderate amount of Kinetic Energy // STRONG Forces - Gases -- Most amount of Kinetic Energy // NO Forces **Why?** - Kinetic Energy increases as particles move faster. To move faster, more room is required. Solids have the LEAST amout of space between particles; therefore having the least amount of kinetic energy. - In gases, it's the opposite - Liquids are in the middle
42
Concentration | Define concentration
Mass of **solute** dissolved per mL of **solvent**
43
Heterogenous
See all different parts of the mixure
44
Homogeneous
Looks like one substance
45
Suspension
Cloudy mixture in which droplets are suspended in another substance (oil+water)
46
Colloid
Cloudy mixture made up of *tiny* droplets; so small that they don't seperate eaisily
47
Mechanical Mixture
Parts can be identified and disassembled

Science 8-10, Social 8 (8 decks)

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