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Science 8-10, Social 8 > Unit A (2.0): Sections 1&2 (Grade 8) > Flashcards

Unit A (2.0): Sections 1&2 (Grade 8) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

1.1

Hazard Symbol

What is a hazard symbol? How do you know how dangerous the substance is?

A

A sign that indicates a saftey precausion.
A Hazard Symbol is made up of 2 parts:
- Shape/Colour indicate how dangerous something is
- Symbol indicates what the danger is
- Yellow / 3 Sides (CAUTION)
- Orange / 4 Sides (WARNING)
- Red / 8 Sides (DANGER)

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2
Q

WHMIS

A

Workplace
Hazerdous
Materials
Information
System

You’ll most likely find these symbols in a work site or lab

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3
Q

PPE

A

Personal
Protective
Equiptment

Closed toed shoes, hair up, goggles, long sleeves (lab coat), etc.

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4
Q

1.2

FLUIDS

What are fluids and how can they be used?

A
  • Liquids & Gases
  • Anything that flows
  • Has no fixed shape
    PUM
  • PROCESS Materials: Glass is made through heating substances; steel is a mixture of elements that, when melted together, makes a solid.
  • USE Materials: Fluids can hold things together. Toothpaste holds detergent
  • MOVE Materials: You can wash mud off your driveway with a hose.
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5
Q

Slurry

A

Mixtures of water and solids (mud/dirt)

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6
Q

Deposition

A

Gas-Solid

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7
Q

2.1

Sublimation

A

Solid-Gas

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8
Q

Matter

What is matter made up of?

A
  • Takes up space
  • Has mass
  • Made up of tiny particles invisible to the nakes eye
  • Can either be classified as pure substances or mixtures (physical seperation)
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9
Q

Pure Substance

What’s a pure substance?

A
  • Made up of one type of particle that cannot be seperated
  • Can either be compounds or elements
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10
Q

Mixtures

What’s a mixture? What are the types?

A

Multiple substances mixed
- Can either be homogeneous (solution) or heterogenous
3 types:
- Mechanical Mixture - Heter.
- Suspension - Heter.
- Colloid - Heter.

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11
Q

Solution

What’s a solution?

A
  • Multiple pure substances mixed together.
  • Particles ‘fit’ between others, making it impossible to tell them apart
  • Homogeneous

Solvent + Solute = Solution

REMEMBER: A solution can be ANY state of matter

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12
Q

Metal

A

Substance that conducts electricity
[Does it conduct electricity?]
YES - Metal
NO - Non-metal

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13
Q

Paper Chromatography Test

What is the Paper Chromatography Test? Why is this done? How do we know?

A

To tell whether a fluid is a pure substance or a solution
How to tell:
- PURE SUBSTANCE: it will move up the filter paper in ONE section
- SOLUTION: the different substances in the solution will move up the filter paper (strip) in different levels. It seperates the different substances

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14
Q

Properties

What are properties? What are the types?

A

Characteristics that describe matter.
Matter has 2 types of properties:
- Physical Properties
- Chemical Properties

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15
Q

PHYSICAL Properties

What are physical properties?

A

Can be observed/measured WITHOUT altering the substance
Observable with the 5 senses
- Colour
- Lustre
- Hardness
- Melting point
- Boiling Point
- Crystal Shape
- Malleability
- Ductility
- Solubility
- Density
- Conductivity
- Plasticity

Senses: smell, see, touch, taste, hear

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16
Q

Lustre

Physical Property

A

Shininess

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17
Q

Melting Point

Physical Property

A

The temperature in which a substance changes state from solid-liquid

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18
Q

Boiling Point

Physical Property

A

The temperature in which a substance changes from liquid-gas

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19
Q

Hardness

Physical Property

A

The substance’s ability to resist being scrached.
Can be measured on the Moh’s Scale (1 = Talc, 10 = Diamond)

20
Q

Malleability

Physical Property

A

Can be compressed/rolled into sheets (aluminum)

21
Q

Ductility

Physical Property

A

Can be stretched into long wires (copper)

22
Q

Solubility

Physical Property // What is solubility?

A

MAXIMUM amount of a solute that can dissolve within a solvent at a specific temperature
FOMULA: How much solute can dissolve within a solvent a given temperature. g/mL and temperature

23
Q

Density

Physical Property

A

Amount of mass in a given volume of a substance

Water = 1 g/mL

24
Q

Conductivity

A

Can conduct electricty or heat

Think: Conductor vs Insulator

25
Q

Plasticity

A

Can be shaped/molded

26
Q

Qualitative

A

Requires only observations and discriptors

27
Q

Quantitative

A

Properties that can be measured

28
Q

Physical CHANGES

A

The chemical makeup is not changed
Changes: -Usually-
- Size
- State (Water = Even as ice or solid, it is still H2O)
- Form (Ripping Paper = The paper has ripped, but it is still paper)

29
Q

CHEMICAL Properties

What are the chemical properties? Provide a definition

A
  • Observed when a chemical change occurs
  • Describes how a substance interacts with another
    Reacts/ability to…
  • Acids
  • Water
  • Heat
  • Oxygen/Air
  • Burn
30
Q

Chemical CHANGES

What are chemical changes?

A
  • Results in a new/-very- different susbstance
  • Action cannot be reversed
    Changes in the following
  • Colour
  • Odour
  • Absorption/release of heat
  • Formation of a solid/gas (precipitate)

Ex: Burning Wood

31
Q

Exothermic vs Endothermic

A

Exothermic: Releases Heat (feels HOT)
Endothermic: Absorbs heat (feels COLD)

Exo(think EXIT) // Endo(think ENTER)

32
Q

2.2

Solute

A

The substance that dissolves within another

Sugar

33
Q

Solvent

A

Substance that does the dissolving

Water

34
Q

Concentrated vs Diluted

A

C: A solution with LOTS of solute compared to the solvent
D: A solution with LITTLE solute compared to the solvent

NOTE: They aren’t exact terms, but give a general idea

Think of how whisky is diluted with water because how strong whisky is alone. In this case, whisky would be a solute within the water (solvent).

35
Q

Saturation Point

What is a saturation point?

A

Point where no more solute can be dissolved.If anymore solute is added, the solvent/solution will resist/push back.

36
Q

SATURATED Solution

What is a saturated solution?

A

A saturated solution is when no more solute can dissolve within the solvent.
Value = On Line

37
Q

UNSATURATED Solution

What is an unsaturated solution?

A

A solution that completely dissolves leaving no remaining solute.
Value = Below Line

38
Q

SUPERSATURATED Solution

What is a supersaturated solution?

A

A solution that contains more than it normally would be able to dissolve at a certain temperature (Needs HEAT)
- Has more solute that a saturated solution. Needs HEAT
Value = Above Line

Crystals form

39
Q

Factors that Affect Solubility

What are the factors that affect solubility?

A
  • Agitation: Stirring/shaking (increases dissolving rate)
  • Temperature: A rize in temperature speeds up kinetic activity therefore increasing the dissolving rate
  • Surface Area: Increasing surface area (wider) will increase dissolving rates
40
Q

PMAST

What is the particle model of matter?

A
  • All matter is made up of tiny particles
  • The particles are always moving / vibrating
  • All particles are attracted to eachother and have spaces between them
  • As temperature INCREASES, kinetic energy increases (the particles get faster)
41
Q

Kinetic Energy/Forces in the States of Matter

Which state of matter has the most/least kinetic energy? Forces? Why?

A
  • Solids – LEAST Amount of Kinetic Energy // STRONG Forces
  • Liquids – Moderate amount of Kinetic Energy // STRONG Forces
  • Gases – Most amount of Kinetic Energy // NO Forces
    Why?
  • Kinetic Energy increases as particles move faster. To move faster, more room is required. Solids have the LEAST amout of space between particles; therefore having the least amount of kinetic energy.
  • In gases, it’s the opposite
  • Liquids are in the middle
42
Q

Concentration

Define concentration

A

Mass of solute dissolved per mL of solvent

43
Q

Heterogenous

A

See all different parts of the mixure

44
Q

Homogeneous

A

Looks like one substance

45
Q

Suspension

A

Cloudy mixture in which droplets are suspended in another substance (oil+water)

46
Q

Colloid

A

Cloudy mixture made up of tiny droplets; so small that they don’t seperate eaisily

47
Q

Mechanical Mixture

A

Parts can be identified and disassembled

Science 8-10, Social 8 (8 decks)

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