[Unit 9.1] | Gene Mutation Flashcards
What is a mutation?
A change to the base sequence of a DNA molecule.
What 2 ways can gene mutation occur during DNA replication?
• Base Substitution
• Base deletion
What is base substitution and what are the consequences?
• A genetic mutation that occurs when a base is replaced with a different one.
• Codon may code for a different amino acid, thereby disallowing the formation of bonds that may be important to the tertiary structure.
• In the case of enzymes, this may alter it’s active site and render it useless.
Describe the consequences of the deletion of bases.
• If one nucleotide is removed from a polypeptide chain, the nucleotides that follow will all be read one to the left of their correct position, therefore potentitally producing a large number of incorrect amino acids, causing the polypeptide to not function.
What is a chromosome mutation?
A change in the structure or number of whole chromosomes.