Unit 9 Study Guide Flashcards
- What was the scientific revolution?
The scientific idea was a progression of ideas. People began to challenge the ideas that people originally thought true. Such as the heliocentric theory, medicine, chemistry, Gravity etc.
- How did things like the Renaissance, Reformation, Age of Exploration, printing press, new technology, etc. lead to the Scientific Revolution?
Renaissance: people’s minds were open to different ways of thinking. When they heard new facts they were more inclined to believe them. about the secular movement.
Printing press: rapid spread of ideas like the starry messenger.
Age of exploration: opens people’s minds to new ideas and beliefs.
New technology: telescope, helps to discover new things
Reformation: people started questioning the church.
What was the geocentric theory? Who advanced this theory?
The geocentric theory was a theory that says the earth is at the center of the universe, and it is being orbited by a bunch of planets in perfect circles. It was originally created by Aristotle, and was supported by Ptolemy and the Bible. They both advanced it
What did Nicholas Copernicus contribute to the Scientific Revolution? Johann Kepler?
Copernicus created the heliocentric theory. This stated that the sun was at the center of the earth. He feared ridicule form the church so he didn’t publish his works until 25 years later.
Kepler studied the works of tycho Brahe and determined that planets orbit in elipses, he proved mathematically that c was true
Why was Galileo such a controversial figure? What eventually happened to him?
Galileo disproved a lot of what the church was teaching. He told people about it. When he told them he almost crushed them. The church didn’t want to cause the people to freak out. Ex: heliocentric, vs geocentric,
Was put on house arrest.
What was the Enlightenment?
The ability of hips an beings to reason and solve there own problems and be self directed, people have the capacity to create there own government, and beliefs. They also have there own power
- What did enlightened philosophes like Locke, Voltaire, Montesquieu, Rousseau, and Adam Smith contribute to the founding of the United States? Are any of these ideas still true today?
Locke: life liberty and the persuit of happiness.
Montesquieu : separation of power. Not all power in one branch.
Adam smith: state shouldn’t interfere with economic affairs. Created hands off form of gov. Let it be, created capitalism in the USA.
Rosseau: man is born free, we as citizens should decide our own gov. Women’s education should make them good criticism
- What was the Old Regime?
The old regime was the three estates. Nobility, clergy, and everyone else. 1 and 2 paid no taxes. 3 is the poorest and paid all of the taxes.
Who made up the Third Estate?
The third estate was made up of everyone that was not nobility or part of the clergy. They made up 97% of the population and paid all of the taxes, despite being the poorest
Discuss the problems facing the French Monarchy leading up to the Revolution.
They had large amounts of debt. From various tasks, such as the am. rev.
Shortage of food, people clouldnt afford bread,
Taxing told the third estate. We’re poor, must afford taxes
Marie spending habbits.
Why did Louis XVI call the Estates-General to convene?
Louie was in debt, so he called them. He wanted the estate to look at the tax system. He wanted them to improve the tax system, and make the third estate happy. It didn’t work.
- Who formed the National Assembly?
The national assembly was formed by the representatives of the third estate because they wanted to revolt against the rights being given to the privileged section of the society that is the clergy and nobility.
- How was the dismantling of the Bastille a symbol of something greater? How can destroying a symbol be revolutionary? Can you think of examples today?
Symbolically the building is a symbol of many people’s beliefs of the government. By tearing it down, you are changing there beliefs. Destroying a symbol can show a group of people’s opinions. It goes from peaceful to a revolution in that moment. A modern example I the twin towers. This is showing that America was not invincible.
- What are some similarities and difference between the Declaration of Independence and the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
Similar: Men are born equal, fundamental rights, laws benefit the people, freedom, equal taxation, equal rights, freedoms.
Difference: Declaration of Independence: what the king is doing wrong. Declaration of the rights of man: more like our constitution
What is ironic about the “Committee of Public Safety”? Who headed it?
It was ironic because they maintained safety by killing people. It was headed by Maximilian Robespierre.
