Unit 8 The Rennaissance

Question 0

2. What were the characteristics of the humanist movement and what caused the movement to take form?

Answer 0

Very secular and earthly. They were concerned with the here and now. They were reaching back to the past. It was about studying the humans of the past. An example is the school of Athens. The painting is of the old greek philosophers, and the painting is referencing the past. Just like humanism

Question 1

1. What was the Renaissance a “rebirth” of?

Answer 1

Art and learning

Question 2

3. Discuss some of the technical developments in artwork during the Renaissance.

Answer 2

The use of shading and perspective. Moving from dark to light. This all made the artwork more realistic and added a sense of depth

Question 3

4. How was the artistic Renaissance made possible by patrons?

Answer 3

The artistic Renaissance was made possible by patrons because without there money, the artists could not paint for a living. But now, they were able to make art for the patrons. The people in power actually funded the artists. If the art had not been sponsored, then it would not have been cared about.

Question 4

Why was Leonardo da Vinci considered a “renaissance man”?

Answer 4

Leonardo was considered a renaissance man because he was involved in several different things, he was a painter, a sculptor, an inventor, and an architect, and a scientist. In other words a renaissance man is good at many things

Question 5

6. Why did Michelangelo believe marble was the true medium of an artist? Explain his philosophy on how he decided to carve the figures he did.

Answer 5

He believed that sculpting was harder than painting because of removing space. In painting you add to space. He didn’t, he believed that carving that God put the art inside the marble and it was hid job to free them. Like the prisoners

Question 6

8. Be able to discuss all of the preceding pieces of art in depth, including your interpretation of each piece.

Answer 6

Based on your opinion.

Question 7

9. Why did Florentine’s idolize The David? What did it stand for and represent for Florence?

Answer 7

The david was a symbol of an underdog city. It gave them a hope that they could win. We are great like David. It was a symbol of hope. David was the underdog when fighting Goliath. In this way Florence was the underdog kingdom.

Question 8

10. Who was Dante Alighieri? What was his greatest contribution?

Answer 8

Dante Alighieri was a major italian poet of the late Middle Ages, he was excited from Florence and is famous for creating the divine comedy. It was created to keep people in line. It features vivid descriptions of the layers of hell and there specific punishments

Question 9

11. Discuss the political makeup of Italy during the time of the Renaissance. How did the growth of state power lead to the events of the Reformation?

Answer 9

Politically: the makeup is not a unified country. It has 5 different kingdoms. The state power: Machiavelli wrote a book about being a strong prince. As the power of the state grows, the power of the church decreases.

Question 10

a. Political: “Cuius regio, eius religio”

Answer 10

Whose realm, his religion, the religion of the ruler is the religion of the subject.

Question 11

Economic: “As soon as a coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs”

Answer 11

This is a reference to indulgences, the more money you donate, the more chance you will go to heaven.

Question 12

Religious:

Answer 12

Justification by faith alone Sola scriptura” vs. “Salvation through faith alone”

Question 13

d. Social:

Answer 13

The peasants were sick of the rulers so they rebelled

Question 14

e. Intellectual:

Answer 14

To the source, “ad fonte” Renaissance humanism

Question 15

Artistic:

Answer 15

Printing press. Pamphlets Renaissance ideals leading to the Reformation

Question 16

g. Near:

Answer 16

Europe

Question 17

13. What were the effects of Gutenberg’s Printing Press?

Answer 17

The press had several effects. Now books could be produced at a much faster rate and sold cheaper. The first book to be printed was the bible. This led to an increase in literacy, and libraries

Question 18

20. What was the lasting legacy of Queen Elizabeth I?

Answer 18

She is the queen who established prodistantism. She officialize the Church of England. She finalized the process of creating the Church of England.

Question 19

14. What was the motivation behind the Church’s selling of indulgences?

Answer 19

The more money the church had, the more cathedrals and art they could build and buy, what could, the church sell, forgiveness. They sold forgiveness and made money off of it. You sinned, pay for it, literally. They wanted to build St. Peter’s bacillica.

Question 20

15. What were Martin Luther’s chief objections to the Roman Catholic Church?

Answer 20

Luther mostly objected the selling of indulgences. He also objected to the corruption, the money and the popes.

Question 21

16. What were some of the major beliefs of John Calvin?

Answer 21

John Calvin believed that we should have a more personal relationship with God. Hw believed that’s humans are sinful by nature and God chose a specific few to save. He believed that the theocracy was the best form of government, and that we have the right to revolt 1. Predestination, 2. Foreknowledge. 3. Purified life

Question 22

17. What was the primary reason for Henry VIII’s break with the Catholic Church?

Answer 22

The primary reason that Henry the 4th broke away from the church was that he wanted a male heir, And needed a divorce, and the Church wouldn’t give it to him. He created his own church and authorized his own divorce.

Question 23

18. How did the Act of Supremacy finalize England’s break with the Catholic Church?

Answer 23

The act of supremacy named King Henry the supreme head of the church. By giving him authority over the church he practically created his own church. He authorized his own divorce. This act allowed Henry to override the rules made by the pope.

Question 24

19. Why was Queen Mary I known as “Bloody Mary”?

Answer 24

She is called Bloody Mary because she executed a very large number of prodistants. She tried to reestsblish catholocism by killing 300+ prodesestants.

Question 25

21. What were the goals of Ignatius Loyola and how did he seek to achieve these goals?

Answer 25

1.Founded schools, 2. Convert non-christians to Catholicism, 3. Stop the spread of Protestantism. He acchieved these goals by creating schools and forming the society of Jesus. He believed that you had to be obedient to the pope and the hierarchy of the church. He acchieved these goals by education. Wrote the spiritual exercises.

Question 26

22. What was confirmed at the Council of Trent?

Answer 26

The books in the bible that are considered canonical are confirmed in at this council

Question 27

Answer 27

Mona Lisa, by Leonardo davinci

Question 28

Answer 28

The last supper, by Leonardo davinci

Question 29

Answer 29

The vitruvian man, by davinci

Question 30

Answer 30

Bacchus, by Michelangelo

Question 31

Answer 31

David, by Michelangelo

Question 32

Answer 32

The prisoners by michaelangelo

Question 33

Answer 33

The pieta, by michaelangelo

Question 34

Answer 34

The school of Athens by Raphael sanzio

Question 35

Answer 35

The Sistine chapel by michaelangelo