Semester 2 Final

Question 1

Describe the Crusades in as much detail as possible (who, what, when, where, why).

Answer 1

Who: christians and Muslims. Pope urban 2, Richard lionheart. Supor Saladin
What: holy wars launched by christians, to take back jerusalem
When: 1095
Where: Europe and jerusalem
Why: Byzantine empire needs help.

Question 2

Describe the code of Chivalry during the Middle Ages.

Answer 2

A code of action taken by nights. Fought for your heavenly Lord, your feudal lord, and your chosen lady. Originally proposed by the christians church to stop the fighting and establish a moral code.

Question 3

What were the Three G’s of exploration?

Answer 3

Glory for King and country, God spread Christianity., and gold mercantilism

Question 4

What problems were facing the Church on the eve of the Reformation?

Answer 4

Secular thinking, corruption, simony, lay investiture, Luther/indulgences, printing press spreads ideas.

Question 5

Describe the Treaty of Tordesillas?

Answer 5

Pope decides the world in half between Spain(w) and Portugal(E) Portugal gets the south and west way to the new world, Spain gets the north and east

Question 6

Who were some of the prominent Reformers of this time period and what did they do?

Answer 6

Matin Luther: 95 theses (Lutheran)
Calvin: predestination (calvinism)
Henry 8 divorce beheaded.. (Anglican)
Ignatius Loyola: Jesuits

Question 7

9. What was the Triangle Trade and which goods traveled between each leg of the trade?

Answer 7

A trade between new world, Europe, and Africa.
Slaves from Africa to the new world
Sugar tobacco and cotton going to Europe from USA
Textiles and rum from Europe to Africa.

Question 8

What was the Old Regime?

Answer 8

The 3 estates

Clergy

Question 9

What were Napoleon Bonaparte’s Three Costly Mistakes?

Answer 9

1. Invasion of Russia
2. Invasion of Portugal
3. Continental system

Question 10

2. Discuss the evolution of Feudalism and how the system worked during the Middle Ages.

Answer 10

Evolution: people need protection,, kingdoms too big to rule, so power is transferred to local noblemen.
Function: King gives fief to lord in exchange for taxes, lords gives fief to serf in exchange for military service.

Question 11

What was a tithe?

Answer 11

A tithe was a church tax. It represented one tenth of a persons income. It was mandatory in the past but is not now.

Question 12

4. What was the three-field system?

Answer 12

There are three fields. 2 are being planted at a time. The third is being rested. Cows eat and poop on it creating manure. When the season is over, the fields rotate and another one is resting and the one that was resting is now being used

Question 13

What effects did the Bubonic Plague have on Europe?

Answer 13

The Black Death did several bad things such as halting the government, stopping trade, and slowing food production. However it also did some beneficial things. Such as it was the first sign of an organisms ability to mutate into another form. Ex it went from a flea spread virus to a pneumonic one

Question 14

7. What is the difference between Gothic and Romanesque architecture? Be able to draw each.

Answer 14

Romanesque : thick walls, thin slit like windows, thick pillars, round arches, the weight goes down. Flat roofs. Dark damp
Gothic. More large windows, more light thin walls giant stained glass windows. Flying buttress kept the walls from bending.

Question 15

Identify the Church practices that Martin Luther was most critical of and what did he do to change them? What ultimately happened to him?

Answer 15

Luther most objected to the selling of indulgences, to change these, he wrote his 95 theses and Put them on the church doors. He was eventually excommunicated for burning the popes notice

Question 16

What was the Renaissance a rebirth of?

Answer 16

Art and learning

Question 17

Who were some of the famous Renaissance artists and what did they do?

Answer 17

Michaelangelo:realistic style when depicting human body. David
Leonardo da Vinci: painter sculpter Renaissance man etc Mona Lisa, last supper.

Question 18

6. How did the Renaissance lead to the Age of Exploration?

Answer 18

The Renaissance opened up new ideas about technology and ideas. People wanted to bring glory and honor to ones country. People began to invent things that changed how we perceive reality. It was only natural that these ideas led to the development of the want to explore.

Question 19

1. What is a revolution?

Answer 19

A revolution is a force able overthrow of a government or social Oder in order to favor the new one.

Question 20

Describe in detail the accomplishments made during the Scientific Revolution.

Answer 20

We discovered several things, such as that we are not the center of the universe, law of motion, moon is not a perfect sphere. Elliptical orbits. Gothenburg also improved the printing press. This made it easier for ideas to be spread.

Question 21

3. Choose any Scientific Revolution or Enlightenment thinker. Describe in detail who they were and what they did. How did they contribute to the world we live in today?

Answer 21

Leonardo da Vinci. He was an overall Renaissance man, he was a painter, sculpter, and a scientist. He made the Mona Lisa, and the last supper. He was interested in how things worked. He used perspective based on optical illusions.

Question 22

5. Describe the Estate System in France prior to the Revolution.

Answer 22

There were 3 estates.. The clergy(1.) the nobles (2.) and the commoners,(97%) payed all of taxes

Question 23

Who were Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette?

Answer 23

Louis and Marie were the royal family in France durning the rebellions. They were in charge during the storming of the Bastille, and signed the tennis court treaty. His family tries to flee when things get bad, but is caught and taken back to be be headed.

Question 24

What was the Reign of Terror?

Answer 24

The reign of terror was the point in history where the committee of public safety governed France as a dictator. There goals were to stop the revolutions in France. They were ironic because the way they created safety was by killing everyone with the guillotine,

Question 25

What were some of the major changes that occurred during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 25

Some major changes that occurred in the industrial Revolution were that people no longer hand made everything. People now operated machines that made tools and stuff. They also worked in factories that produced goods. These factories used water or steam to power the machines, some other changes were the travel. Both railroads and population increased

Question 26

What were some of the problems created with industrialization?

Answer 26

The problems created by the industrialization were plentiful. Literally. The population rose before there was enough space to house them. There were too many people in the same house. It was unsanitary, and led to sickness, factories were unsafe, and there was aloof child labor

Question 27

3. Explain the evolution of labor unions?

Answer 27

Labor unions began in the 18th century in England, groups of workers would gather together in unions to speak for everyone in there trade of work, they would engage in collective bargaining with there boss. If the boss refused, then the workers could go on strike, unions were eventually tolerated by the governments in 1824

Question 28

Tenates of capitalism

Answer 28

Capitalism: productions are privately owned. Money is invested for profit,

Question 29

Define nationalism

.

Answer 29

Nationalism: a deep devotion to ones country. It is a unifying force

Question 30

What were some of the background causes of World War I?

Answer 30

Militarism was one cause, it is The policy of glorifying when his military power and keeping an army always prepared for war another background cause was alliances as well as seeking the protection and the size of their armies the countries of Europe to protection by forming alliances. Nationalism and imperialism helped too

Question 31

How did the murder of Archduke Ferdinand lead to World War I?

Answer 31

Ferdinand was assassinated by a group called the black hand, Austria uses the assassination as an excuse to declare war on Serbia. From then on, the alliances helped to kick the war into high gear,

Question 32

What was the shiefflem plan

Answer 32

The schlieffen plan was a plan devised by Germany that was supposed to stop the country from fighting on 2 fronts. They were gonna attack France and win, and then quickly return back and attack all of Russia. They were playing on the fact that Russia was slow because it hadn’t industrialized.

Question 33

5. Which countries made up the Triple Entente? Which countries made up the Triple Alliance?

Answer 33

Triple entente France, Britain, and Russia

Triple alliance Germany Austria and Italy

Question 34

What was “armed neutrality”

Answer 34

Armed neutrality was when a state or country did not make an alliance or pick a team it will however decent itself from the incoming effects of the war,

Question 35

What was Unrestricted Submarine Warfare? Who used this policy?

Answer 35

Unrestricted submarine warfare was a policy of the Germans to sink any submarines around Britain. They even went far enough to shoot the lousittania and kill 128 U.S. Citizens. This enraged the USA, and prez Woodrow told them to stop. When they picked it back up, and we herd the telegraph, we declared war.

Question 36

Discuss the importance of the Zimmerman Telegram in bringing the United States into the war.

Answer 36

The Zimmerman telegraph was a telegraph that said that of Mexico joined the war on the Germans sides, than Germany would return some of the land they lost to the USA. This was bad because it was pretty much saying that the Germans were gonna attack the USA at some point. We had a prior connection to England, so the USA joined the war on the sides of the allies

Question 37

Why did the U.S. Join the war

Answer 37

The U.S. Joined the war for several reasons. 1. The U.S. Wanted to be part of the winning team, looks like g was almost done. 2. They couldn’t supply the allies with weapon and remain neutral. 3. Germany had attacked 2 U.S. ships, 4 the telegraph

Question 38

What were some of the new methods of warfare that emerged during WWI?

Answer 38

Trench warefare. Lost tons of lives for pitifully small land gains.
Tanks
Machine guns
Submarines

Question 39

Discuss the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles and how it may have led to World War II.

Answer 39

On reason is that the treaty blamed the fault of the war on Germany. They also took away a ton of Germany’s land. Hitler actually wanted to get some of this land back and that was one of the reasons he waged war everyone blames the World War I on Germany so the people of Germany we’re not that opposed to attacking Austria on the other places to get their land back. The Germans were also mad that they had absolutely no say in the Treaty of Versailles

Question 40

Tenates of communism

Answer 40

Communism: the purist form of socialism, all means of production are owned by the people. Everything is shared.

Question 41

Tenants of socialism

Answer 41

The factors of production are owned by the public and operated on the welfare for all

Question 42

Tenanted of utilitarianism

Answer 42

Judge things based off of utility and usefulness you check on the question and how it will affect the world positive or negative way

Question 43

Define imperialism

Answer 43

The policy of extending a countries power and influince through diplomacy or military force