Unit 2

Question 0

Does the use of the term civilized suggest some racist or ethnic bias? Why or why not?

Answer 0

In my opinion no, applying the word civilized to a group of people does not imply a racist or ethnic bias. This is because of many reasons. One of which is that it is just saying that the group of people has achieved a well working Society. It is not comparing 2 races. Some people can use it in a racist way tho, such as the whites dominating over the blacks.

Question 1

What are some of the issues we encounter if we try to use civilization as an organizing principle in world history?

Answer 1

Some of the issues are not knowing really what a civilization is. We have some of the parameters of a civilization but have no definition.

Question 2

Has civilization progressed from the earliest times to today? Does the progress of civilization in the 21st century suggest a higher level of civilized behavior?

Answer 2

I think that civilization as a whole has not changed much from back then to now. We all act the same and have the same key elements that define us as a civilization. The only thing that has changed is that we have more advanced forms of some of these elements. Such as technology and government.

Question 3

What key event or discovery lead to the world’s first civilizations?

Answer 3

Farming

Question 4

Describe daily life in a hunter-gatherer society.

Answer 4

The group would hunt and gather in one specific area and then when the area is out of food. They move on and go to another place that has the food. They are always following their meals. The men hunt and women gather. Our one goal is to survive

Question 5

What was the significant shift that took place during the Neolithic Revolution? What was the significance of this shift?

Answer 5

They learned how to farm. Instead of moving from place to place, they could stay and develope one spot of society. Without this event, civilization would not have been possible.

Question 6

What are the five characteristics of civilization? Apply them to Spokane today.

Answer 6

Advanced cities(DESCRIBE) specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology

Question 7

Explain the significance of rivers to the earliest civilizations.

Answer 7

Rivers acted as a lifeline for the first civilizations. Without them the civilizations would not have been able to develop their farming as they did.

Question 8

What were some of the environmental challenges for the Sumerians and how did they overcome these challenges?

Answer 8

Unpredictable flooding: due irrigation ditches
No natural barriers: no protection, / built walls
Limited natural resources: traded

Question 9

10. What is a city-state?

Answer 9

A city like things that functioned like today’s countries.

An autonomous political unit a self governed body.

Question 10

Dynasty

Answer 10

A family of rulers who rule over a country for a long time

Question 11

12. What is polytheism?

Answer 11

A belief in many gods

Question 12

13. How did the Tigris and Euphrates rivers shape the religious beliefs in Mesopotamia?

Answer 12

The Tigris and Euphrates shaped the beliefs of many in Mesopotamia because they flooded unpredictably. This gave them a peso mystic outlook on life. Whenever the river or nature did something bad, they looked at it as if the gods were punishing them

Question 13

14. In your own words, provide a definition of restitution and reconciliation. Which is evident in Hammurabi’s Code? Which is evident in the U.S. today? Which do you view as being more effective?

Answer 13

RestItution : the punishment meets the crime no matter what

Reconciliation: a forgiving punishment

Question 14

15. How did the flooding of the Nile differ than the Tigris and Euphrates?

Answer 14

It was predictable

Question 15

16. How did the Egyptian belief in the afterlife lead to things like mummification and the building of the pyramids?

Answer 15

They preserved the bodies for the afterlife, and gave them a place to rule after they died

Question 16

Why is India often referred to as a subcontinent?

Answer 16

It is below Asia, and is relatively isolated form the rest of the country

Question 17

18. What was so advanced about the cities in the Harappan Civilization?

Answer 17

They were layed out on a grid

Question 18

Which religion traces its roots back to early Harappan culture? How do we know this?

Answer 18

Hinduism : we know this because of its idols that date portray modern hupindu gods such as shiva

Question 19

Explain the significance of oracle bones in Ancient China.

Answer 19

They could justify and answer questions through interpreting the cracks. They could communicate with the gods and family ancestors

Question 20

Explain in detail the mandate of heaven and the dynastic cycle.

Answer 20

They would be able to justify the overthrow of a declining dynasty.
(And was also the blessings of the gods)
Through interpreting omens. Also on picture

New king
He has mandate
Corruption
Natural disaster
King lost mandate
Rebellion

Question 21

22. How did the Zhou dynasty use the mandate of heaven to justify the overthrow of the Shang dynasty?

Answer 21

They saw the natural disasters and were able to justify there bloody attack on the dynasty. Hey use it as an excuse

Question 22

23. Explain the structure of the feudal system that emerged in Ancient China.

Answer 22

King has land. He gives it to a lord who in turn for getting land owes military service, he hires a peasant who gets a place to live and food in turn for helping out