unit 9 review Flashcards
what is nationalism
a feeling of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness toward your country
who presented a plan to congress called the american system
henry clay
list 3 parts of the american system
-establish a protective tariff
-establish a national bank
-improve the country’s transportation systems
what was the purpose of the american system?
to make the u.s. economically self-sufficient
why was travel difficult in the early 1800s?
most roads were made of dirt
what was the name of the first road built by the national government?
the cumberland road
why do you think it eventually became known as the national road
because it expanded all the way to illinois
where was the erie canal constructed?
Albany, New York to Buffalo, New York
what did the erie canal allow to be transported?
farm products and manufacturing goods
what effect did the completion of the erie canal have on nyc?
it helped it become the nation’s largest city
who became president in 1816 and what party did he belong to?
James Monroe, democratic-republican
what political party died off?
federalist
what was this time period nicknamed and why was it called that?
“the era of good feelings” because they had feelings of unity
during monroe’s presidency, people became more loyal to what?
the federal government
what prompted leaders to want to define national borders?
conflicts with other nations, spirit of nationalism
what was limited by the rush-bagot agreement?
naval power on the great lakes
what document settled as the border between U.S. and british canada?
convention of 1818
what latitude line was established as the border between the U.S. and british canada?
49 degrees north
what did general andrew jackson claim for the U.S. when he was fighting seminoles?
florida
in what document did spain hand over florida to the u.s.?
adams-onis treaty
what is interstate commerce?`
the buying and selling of goods across state borders
which type of government gave ogden permission to operate a steamboat business on the river between NY and NJ?
state
what type of government gave gibbons permission to operate a steamboat business on the river between NY and NJ?
federal
who won the case of gibbons v. ogden and what did this case establish?
gibbons, the authority of the national government to regulate interstate commerce
what issue was at the center of the mcculloch vs. maryland case?
whether or not a state could levy taxes against the national government
what did the state of maryland argue about the national bank?
they said it was unconstitutional
what did mcculloch argue about the national bank
it was a “necessary and proper” power of congress and that many things the government must do would be helped by a national bank
who won the mcculloch v. maryland case and what did this case establish?
mcculloch, it strengthened the authority of the federal government and the national bank, and it reinforced the supermacy of federal law over state law when the two conflict
what event in 1821 caused concern for president monroe?
other european countries might try to come in and take control of newly independent spain countries
what was the name of the policy statement issued by monroe in 1823?
monroe doctrine
who was monroe warning in his statement?
european powers
what area was monroe vowing to protect in his statement?
western hemisphere
what were the three parts of the monroe doctrine?
-the US will not interfere in the affairs of european countries
-the US declared that the western hemisphere is closed to future colonization by foreign powers
-the US would consider any attempt by Europe to colonize or interfere with western hemisphere nations a hostile act
how did the monroe doctrine deviate from washington’s philosophy of isolationism?
washington didn’t want war so monroe doctrine deviated from that by threatening war
what is sectionalism?
loyalty to the interest of your own region of the country than to the nation as a whole
what things were important to the south?
slavery and increase in the growth of cotton
what things were important to the north?
manufacturing and trade
what things were important to the west?
cheap land and good transportation
what kind of state did missouri want to be when it applied for statehood?
slave state
why were people divided over the admittance of Missouri as a state?
a slave state would upset the balance of power in congress
what did southerners fear that the free states in congress might do?
form a majority and ban slavery altogether
what other state wanted to enter the union during this time?
maine
who proposed the missouri compromise?
henry clay
what two states entered the union as a result of this compromise and which type of state were they?
missouri - slave
maine - free
how did the compromise affect congress?
it kept it balanced
what did the missouri compromise say about slavery in the louisiana territory?
it would be banned above 36°30’N
did the missouri compromise end slavery?
no, it was just a temporary fix
how did the secrets of the industrial revolution make their way from britain to america?
samuel slater smuggled them in
how did the industrial revolution change the way people worked?
people started using machines and manufacturing more, factories replace farming and machines replace hand tools
what were three reasons why new england was a good place to set up locations?
they had many fast moving rivers, they had ships and access to the ocean, and they had a willing labor force
how did the labor force change from samuel slater’s first spinning mill to the larger one he built later?
at first he was just hiring children, but then he ended up hiring whole families
who were the lowell girls?
the lowell girls were employed far girls that worked12 and a half hour days. women came to them despite the deafening noise because wages were high. there were strict rules for the girls like attending church and reading. after a few years, wages dropped and conditions worsened so they started working on engines more and more.
who came up with the idea for interchangeable parts?
eli whitney
what are interchangeable parts?
parts that are exactly alike
how did interchangeable parts change industry?
speeded up production, made repairs easy, and allowed the use of lower-paid, less skilled workers, led mass production, new management style, and created inspectors
what invention did robert fulton create?
a steamboat the could move against strong wind and improved water transportation
what invention did samuel morse create?
telegraph, it sent short and long pulses of electricity on a wire, it improved long distance communication
what invention did john deere create?
steel plow that plowed soil faster and made plowing much easier
what invention did cyrus mccormick create?
reaper, it separated kernels of wheat from husks and it made faming much more efficient
what invention did peter cooper create?
the locomotive, it sped up transportation
in what four ways did eli whitney’s cotton gin change life in the south?
vast move westward, cotton exports increased and it becomes #1 crop, more natives were driven off southern land, slaves increase
as cotton produced, what happened to the demand for and price of enslaved labor?
increased
what fraction of white families in the south owned slaves in 1840?
1/3, 1/10 owned 20 or more
why did most southern farmers support slavery if they did not own slaves?
it would allow them to raise more cotton and earn more money
describe some of the difficulties free african americans faced
some states made them leave, most states did not permit the to vote or receive an education
what were spirituals?
religious folk songs that often contained coded messages about escape routes
how did slavery harm family life?
caused grief, separated families for long times, marriages were not legally recognized
what was the nat turner rebellion and what were its effects?
on august 21, turner and 70 followers killed 55 white men, women, and children. Turner was tried and hung. White mobs killed more than 200 african americans in revenge. harsh laws were passed against african americans. anti-slavery publications were no longer delivered in the south.
