midterm review Flashcards
What were the reasons for European Exploration?
God, Gold, and Glory, Northwest passage, Columbus, Columbian Exchange
What is mercantilism?
An economic system in which nations increase their wealth and power by
obtaining gold and silver and by establishing a favorable balance of trade
What is a Free Enterprise System?
Freedom of private business to organize and operate for profit in
a competitive system without interference by government beyond regulation necessary
to protect public interest and keep the national economy in balance
What do the Mayflower Compact, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, Magna Carta, and
Virginia House of Burgesses have in common?
The Mayflower Compact, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, Magna Carta, and Virginia
House of Burgesses are all steps in the growth of representative government.
Explain the three parts of triangular trade.
Triangular Trade: The trading of products and slaves among Europe, Africa, and the
Americas, which included the Middle Passage.
Name the 5 Southern colonies.
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
What was the first permanent English settlement? When was it founded? What important crop
did John Rolfe bring to Jamestown?
Jamestown: 1st permanent English settlement founded by the Virginia Company of London
1607: The year Jamestown was founded
John Rolfe brought tobacco to Jamestown.
What is the significance of the Virginia House of Burgesses?
First elected representative assembly in the colonies
What was the Southern Colonies climate like?
Warm and long growing seasons
What was the Southern Colonies economy like?
Agriculture/Cash Crops: Tobacco, Rice, Indigo
Indentured servants: Signed a contract to work for 4-7 years for those who
paid for their journey to America
What was the Southern Colonies reason for settlement?
VA, NC, SC: Money
GA: Colony for debtors, acted as a buffer between Spanish Florida and the
English colonies
MD: Served as a colony for English Catholics
Who founded Georgia? Why?
James Oglethorpe founded Georgia as a colony for debtors and a buffer between
Spanish Florida and the English 13 colonies.
Who founded Maryland? Why?
George Calvert founded Maryland as a safe haven for English Catholics.
What was the Toleration Act of 1649?,
Made it a crime to restrict the religious rights of any Christian, the first law supporting religious rights in the colonies
Name the 4 New England colonies.
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire
Where did the Pilgrims settle?
The Pilgrims settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts.
Explain the significance of the Mayflower Compact, which was created by the pilgrims. What
year was it created?
The Mayflower Compact was a legal contract in which the passengers on the Mayflower
agreed to have fair laws to protect the general good. It established the idea of majority rule and was the first attempt at self-government in the New World. The Mayflower Compact was created in 1620.
Where did the Puritans settle?
The Puritans settled in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Who led the Puritans and referred to the colony as a “city upon a
hill?”
John Winthrop led the Puritans and referred to the colony as a “city upon a hill.”
What was the center of Puritan communities?
Religion was the center of Puritan communities. Puritan communities also emphasized
education because they wanted their children to be able to read the Bible.
What was the New England Way?
Strong emphasis on religion, duty, and hard work
What was the New England Colonies climate like?
cold climate and rocky soil
What was the New England Colonies economy like?
Fishing, shipbuilding, whaling, skilled craftspeople
Practiced subsistence farming: Farming just enough to live on
What was the New England Colonies reason for settlement?
religious freedom
Who founded Connecticut?
Thomas Hooker
What is the significance of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?
It was the first written constitution in the new world
What was the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?
The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was a set of laws that were established in 1639
by a Puritan congregation who settled in Connecticut. The Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut expanded the idea of representative government. For example, they gave
non-church members the right to vote.
Describe Anne Hutchinson’s role in Rhode Island.
Anne Hutchinson was kicked out of Massachusetts and settled in Rhode Island. She
believed that a person’s relationship with God did not need ministers, the Bible, etc. She
is seen as a symbol of the struggle for religious freedom.
Name the 4 Middle Colonies.
New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey
What was the Middle Colonies climate like?
Warm summers, cold winters, medium growing season
What was the Middle Colonies economy like?
Agriculture: Breadbasket colonies (Staple crops: wheat, rye, grains)
Shipping, harbors, lumber
What was the Middle Colonies reason for settlement?
Religious Freedom & Economic Opportunities
Who founded New York?
Duke of York
Who founded Pennsylvania? Why?
William Penn founded Pennsylvania for the Quakers.
What did Pennsylvania’s government look like?
Penn limited his own power and established an elected assembly. He promised religious freedom to all Christians.
Explain the significance of the Magna Carta. What year was it created?
The Magna Carta was written in 1215. It limited the power of the King for the first time
and established that the King is not above the law (rule of law or limited government).
Explain the significance of the English Bill of Rights.
Explain the significance of the English Bill of Rights.
How did the Glorious Revolution lead to the
English Bill of Rights?
King James II was overthrown and William & Mary become king &
queen. William and Mary accepted the English Bill of Rights.
What is the Legislative body in England comprised of two houses, which will serve as a model for
the American system?
parliament
Who was John Peter Zenger? What did his case lead to?
John Peter Zenger was a printer/publisher who was put on trial in 1733 for saying negative things about the governor of New York. His case led to the creation and protection of freedom of the press.
Who was John Locke? How does he influence colonial leaders?
John Locke was a philosopher who believed that people had natural rights, such as equality and liberty. His ideas eventually influenced colonial leaders by protecting the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness (unalienable rights).
What was the Enlightenment?
A movement that began in Europe in the 1700s as people began examining the natural world, society, and government (emphasis on logic & reason). It is also known as the “Age of Reason.”
What was the First Great Awakening?
A religious movement that became widespread in the American colonies in the 1730s and 1740s.
Who proposed the Albany Plan of Union? What did the Plan attempt to do?
Benjamin Franklin proposed the Albany Plan of Union. It was the first formal attempt to unify the colonies. It failed.
The Treaty of Paris of 1763 ended the French & Indian War. What did the Treaty of Paris of 1763
include?
Britain received Canada from France. Britain gained all French lands east of the Mississippi River, except New Orleans. Britain received Florida from Spain.
List the effects of the French & Indian War.
Relations between the British and the colonists got worse.
Pontiac’s Rebellion -> Proclamation of 1763
Britain attempted to pay its war debt from the French & Indian War by taxing the
colonists
Who issued the Proclamation of 1763, and why?
King George III issued the Proclamation of 1763 as a response to the increasing tensions
between the colonists and Native Americans (Pontiac’s Rebellion).
What did the Proclamation of 1763 state/ban?
The Proclamation of 1763 banned settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.
Why did the Proclamation of 1763 upset the colonists?
The Proclamation of 1763 upset the colonists because they had expected to move onto
the newly acquired western lands that they received from France in the Treaty of Paris of
1763.
List the main causes of the American Revolution.
French & Indian War, taxes without representation in parliament, salutary neglect, and writs of assistance
What was the Sugar Act?
Passed by Parliament in 1765, which set duties on molasses and sugar imported by colonists. The tax was imposed to raise money in the colonies.
What was the Quartering Act?
An Act that required the colonists to house and supply British soldiers
What was the Stamp Act?
A law passed by Parliament that raised tax money by requiring colonists to pay for an official stamp whenever they bought paper items, such as newspapers, licenses, and legal
documents
What was the Declaratory Act?
Gave the King the authority to create laws “in all cases
whatsoever”
What were the Townshend Acts?
Placed a tax on glass, lead, paper, paint, and tea
What was the Tea Act?
The Tea Act gave the British East India Company a monopoly on tea in the colonies.
What were the Intolerable Acts?
●Boston Harbor was closed until the colonists paid for
the ruined tea
● The charter of Massachusetts was canceled
● A new quartering act was put in place
● A large amount of land was given to Quebec
● General Thomas Gage became the new governor of
Massachusetts
● Royal officials accused of crimes were sent to
England for trial
