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NURS 1103 > Unit 9: NERVOUS SYSTEM > Flashcards

Unit 9: NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Myelin

A

insulating layer of lipid-rich schwann cells or oligodendrocytes wrapped around axon

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2
Q

nodes of ranvier

A
  • areas of exposed axonal membrane between myelinated areas

- increase speed of action potentials

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3
Q

Demyelination

A

damage to sheath causes impulses to leak out and message cannot transmit further

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4
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A
  • autoimmune condition
  • causes slow destruction of myelin
  • ability of neurons to transmit impulses is impaired
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5
Q

Neuroglia

A
  • supporting cells

- usually divide and can increase in number unlike neurons

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6
Q

Peripheral Nervous system cells

A
  1. Schwann cells = insulate axons

2. satellite cells = control effect of neurotransmitter

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7
Q

Central nervous system cells

A
  1. microglial cells = phagocytes, small, increase in number during infection
  2. Oligodendroglia cells = insulate (myelinate) cells
  3. Ependymal cell = line ventricles and central canal of spinal cord (produce, monitor and circulate CSF)
  4. Astrocytes = large and numerous, regulate ion and nutrient content in ICF
    - make up most tumors of the brain
    - maintain blood-brain barrier
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8
Q

nervous system development

A

neural plate -> neural crest -> neural tube

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9
Q

cephalization

A

anterior swelling and closing of neural tube

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10
Q

Spina bifida

A

failure of neural tube to close on posterior side = movement disorders

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11
Q

Anencephaly

A

failure of neural tube to close on anterior side = still born, no production of the brain

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12
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • hormone production
  • regulates body temperature
  • controls circadian cycles
  • control of some reflexes
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13
Q

Thalamus

A

relay station of sensory information (except sense of smell)

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14
Q

Midbrain

A

info from eyes to ears

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15
Q

Medulla

A

autonomic functions -> HR, BP and breathing

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16
Q

Hindbrain

A

pons
medulla
cerebellum

17
Q

Cerebellum

A

maintains balance and is influenced by alcohol consumption

18
Q

Cerebral cortex

A 
Frontal lobe = movement
Parietal lobe = somatosensory
Occipital lobe = vision
Temporal lobe = hearing, memory
limbic system = emotion
19
Q

Meninges in brain

A
  1. Dura mater = outer layer, no space between dura anc cranium
  2. Arachnoid mater = spider-web filamentous middle layer
  3. Pia mater = thin layer contouring the brain
20
Q

Epidural space

A
  • space between dura and vertebra

- contains loose connective tissue, fatty tissue, lymphatics, spinal nerve roots and small blood vessels

21
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A
  • formed in choroid plexus
  • low protein content
  • low glucose concentration
  • similar to ECF
22
Q

CSF function

A
  • cushion and support brain, provides buoyency and reduces weight (1500g- 50g)
  • transport nutrients, chemical messenger, and waste
  • circulates via ventricles in brain
  • produces 550ml/day, but approx volume 150ml
23
Q

Spinal tap

A
  • between L3-L4 vertebra

- sample CSF from subarachnoid space

24
Q

Brain blood supply

A
  1. carotid arteries = supply side of brain

2. vertebral arteries = supply back of brain and branch into Circle of Willis

25
Q

Spinal cord organization

A 
S = sensory
A = afferent
M = motor
E = efferent
D = dorsal
A = afferent
V = ventral
E = efferent
26
Q

Gray matter

A

Dorsal horn = receives info
Lateral horn = cell bodies of sympathetic neurons
Ventral horn = cell bodies of efferent neurons

27
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A
  • visceral motor neurons
  • involuntary
  • contain Parasympathetic and Sympathetic division
28
Q

Parasympathetic

A
  • calming effect on body functions
  • bodily maintenance
  • long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibres
  • ACh binds to cholinergic receptors
29
Q

Cholinergic receptors

A
  1. Nicotinic receptors = excitatory when ACh binds
    - occurs in all postganglionic neurons and neuromuscular junctions
  2. Muscarinic receptors = excitatory or inhibitory
    - occurs in all glands, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle
30
Q

Sympathetic

A
  • prepares body for physical activity
  • flight or fight response
  • lateral horn of gray matter
  • Cetacholamines (NE) bind to adrenergic receptors
31
Q

Adrenergic receptors

A

Alpha 1, 2

Beta 1, 2

NURS 1103 (9 decks)

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