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BPK 140 > UNIT 9 MENTAL HEALTH > Flashcards

UNIT 9 MENTAL HEALTH Flashcards

1
Q

How many people worldwide were living with a mental disorder in 2019?

A

970 million

This statistic is reported by the World Health Organization (WHO)

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2
Q

What proportion of Canadians experiences a mental illness in any given year?

A

1 in 5

This statistic is provided by the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH)

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3
Q

Why is it important to recognize symptoms of mental illness?

A

To seek help

Early recognition can lead to better outcomes and management.

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4
Q

What should be prioritized alongside physical wellness?

A

Developing optimal mental wellness

Both aspects are crucial for overall well-being.

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5
Q

What is key to decreasing the risk of a mental health issue?

A

Promoting positive psychology

Positive psychology focuses on strengths and well-being.

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6
Q

List four strategies to embrace positive psychology.

A
  • Embrace positive thinking
  • Be optimistic
  • Face problems head on
  • Have a good support network
  • Be physically active
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7
Q

What is emotional health primarily concerned with?

A

Feelings and moods

Emotional health influences how we think, feel, and interact with others.

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8
Q

What does psychological health encompass?

A

Thoughts

Psychological health involves cognitive processes that affect our emotional state.

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9
Q

What is an accurate view of reality in the context of psychological health?

A

The ability to perceive situations and oneself realistically

This helps in making informed decisions and responding appropriately to challenges.

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10
Q

Name three abilities associated with psychological health.

A
  • Responding to life challenges
  • Developing rational strategies for living
  • Thinking, feeling, and behaving in ways that enhance life enjoyment

These abilities are crucial for managing life’s complexities.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: Psychological health includes the ability to __________.

A

develop rational strategies for living

This skill is essential for coping with everyday challenges.

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12
Q

True or False: Emotional health is unrelated to psychological health.

A

False

Emotional and psychological health are interconnected and influence each other.

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13
Q

What tool can be used to assess mental health?

A

Mental Health Meter

The Mental Health Meter provides insights into one’s emotional and psychological well-being.

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14
Q

How does psychological health contribute to life management?

A

By enabling rational thinking and effective emotional responses

This supports individuals in facing challenges and enjoying life.

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15
Q

Who described the hierarchy of needs in the 1960s?

A

Abraham Maslow

Maslow introduced a new ideal of mental health focused on fulfilling potential.

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16
Q

What is the first level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

A

Physiological needs

Includes food, water, shelter, sleep, exercise, and sex.

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17
Q

What needs are categorized under ‘Safety and Security’ in Maslow’s hierarchy?

A

Safe surroundings, protection by others, knowing to avoid risks

These needs reflect a desire for stability and safety.

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: The fourth level of Maslow’s hierarchy is _______.

A

Self-esteem

Self-esteem can be divided into self-esteem as a person and as a doer.

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19
Q

What is the highest level of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

A

Self-actualization

This level represents the fulfillment of personal potential.

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20
Q

What needs fall under ‘Love and Belongingness’ according to Maslow?

A

Being loved, loving, connected

These needs emphasize the importance of relationships and social connections.

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21
Q

True or False: Maslow’s hierarchy is arranged in order of increasing importance.

A

False

The hierarchy is arranged in order of decreasing importance.

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22
Q

What are the elements of self-actualization in Maslow’s model?

A

Realism, self-acceptance, autonomy, authenticity, capable of intimacy, creativity

Self-actualization encompasses various personal growth aspects.

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23
Q

What is self-actualization?

A

Achieving your full potential

Self-actualization is often considered the highest level of psychological development.

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24
Q

Define autonomy in the context of psychological health.

A

Directing yourself from within

Autonomy emphasizes independence and self-governance.

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25
Q

What does self-concept refer to?

A

A positive, realistic perception of yourself

Self-concept influences how individuals view themselves and their abilities.

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26
Q

What is self-esteem?

A

Valuing and feeling good about yourself

Self-esteem is crucial for overall mental well-being.

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27
Q

What does it mean to be inner-directed?

A

Finding guidance from within

Inner-directed individuals often rely on their values and beliefs for decision-making.

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28
Q

Define authenticity in psychological health.

A

Being unafraid to be yourself

Authenticity promotes genuine self-expression and honesty.

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29
Q

What is realism in terms of psychological health?

A

Knowing what you can and cannot change

Realism helps individuals set achievable goals and expectations.

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30
Q

What does acceptance mean in psychological health?

A

Accepting yourself and your imperfections

Acceptance is a key component of self-compassion.

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31
Q

What is a quality of mentally healthy individuals regarding relationships?

A

Establishes and maintains close relationships

This quality emphasizes the importance of social connections for mental well-being.

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32
Q

How do mentally healthy individuals perceive reality?

A

Perceives reality as it is

This quality involves having an accurate understanding of oneself and the world.

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33
Q

What responsibility do mentally healthy individuals carry out?

A

Carries out responsibilities

This indicates reliability and accountability in personal and professional aspects.

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34
Q

What feeling do mentally healthy individuals experience in daily living?

A

Feels a sense of fulfillment in daily living

This reflects contentment and satisfaction with life.

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35
Q

What do mentally healthy individuals value?

A

Values himself/herself

This indicates a positive self-image and self-esteem.

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36
Q

What do mentally healthy individuals accept regarding themselves?

A

Accepts own limitations and possibilities

This shows a realistic understanding of personal strengths and weaknesses.

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37
Q

What kind of work do mentally healthy individuals pursue?

A

Pursues work that suits talents and training

This emphasizes the importance of aligning career choices with personal skills and interests.

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38
Q

What is a mental disorder?

A

A persistent disturbance or dysfunction in behaviour, thoughts or emotions that causes significant distress or impairment

This definition highlights the core characteristics that classify a condition as a mental disorder.

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39
Q

How were psychological disorders historically conceptualized?

A

As a result of religious or supernatural forces, possession by demons or spirits

This historical view often led to cruel punishments, including institutionalization.

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40
Q

What has largely replaced the historical views of psychological disorders?

A

Medical views that consider biological and environmental causes

This shift has influenced how disorders are understood and treated today.

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41
Q

What elements are now included in the understanding of psychological disorders?

A
  • Biological causes
  • Environmental causes
  • Defined symptoms
  • Diagnoses
  • Possible cures

These elements provide a more comprehensive framework for diagnosing and treating mental disorders.

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42
Q

True or False: Stigmas surrounding mental illness have been completely eradicated.

A

False

Despite advances in understanding and treatment, stigmas still persist in society.

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43
Q

What fraction of Canadians will face a mental health issue at some point in their lives?

A

1/5

This statistic highlights the prevalence of mental health issues in the Canadian population.

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44
Q

What fraction of people who feel they have suffered from anxiety or depression have never seen a doctor?

A

1/2

This indicates a significant gap in seeking professional help for mental health issues.

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45
Q

What is the approximate percentage of Canadians affected by anxiety and phobic disorders?

A

~12%

Anxiety and phobic disorders are among the most common mental health issues in Canada.

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46
Q

What percentage of Canadians are affected by obsessive compulsive disorder?

A

~1%

This reflects the lower prevalence of OCD compared to other mental health disorders.

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47
Q

What percentage of Canadians are affected by panic disorders?

A

~2%

Panic disorders are a significant but less common mental health issue.

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48
Q

What types of disorders are included under depressive and bipolar (mood) disorders?

A

Depressive disorders, Bipolar disorders

These disorders encompass a range of mood-related issues.

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49
Q

What percentage of Canadians have schizophrenia?

A

~1%

Schizophrenia is classified as a psychotic disorder.

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50
Q

How many suicides occur in Canada each year?

A

Approximately 4,000

This statistic underscores the severity of mental health issues leading to suicide.

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51
Q

What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

A

Chronic, irrational worry about daily events such as work, social relationships, and finances

GAD is characterized by excessive anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for at least six months.

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52
Q

What are common symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

A

Extreme agitation, fatigue, feelings of sadness and depression, nausea, trembling, muscle tension, headache

These symptoms can significantly impair daily functioning.

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53
Q

What percentage of Canadians are affected by Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

A

~2.5%

This statistic indicates the prevalence of GAD in the Canadian population.

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54
Q

What are some treatments for Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

A
  • Therapy (e.g. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Antidepressants

Treatment plans are often individualized based on the severity of symptoms and patient preferences.

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55
Q

True or False: Generalized Anxiety Disorder can lead to physical symptoms.

A

True

Physical symptoms may include muscle tension and headaches, in addition to emotional distress.

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56
Q

Fill in the blank: GAD affects approximately ______ of Canadians.

A

2.5%

This statistic underscores the commonality of GAD among the Canadian population.

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57
Q

What is Obsessive Compulsive Disorder commonly abbreviated as?

A

OCD

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58
Q

What are obsessions in the context of OCD?

A

Intrusive thoughts or urges, such as cleanliness

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59
Q

What are compulsions in the context of OCD?

A

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts, such as needing to keep everything clean

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60
Q

What are rituals in OCD?

A

Specific behaviors performed in a certain way, such as using Lysol in a diagonal motion or vinegar in a circular motion

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61
Q

What percentage of Canadians are affected by OCD?

A

~1%

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62
Q

What are two common treatments for OCD?

A
  • CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)
  • Antidepressants
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63
Q

Which celebrity has described their OCD challenges related to germs?

A

Howie Mandel

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64
Q

Which celebrity has described their challenges with compulsions?

A

Leonardo DiCaprio

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65
Q

What is Obsessive Compulsive Disorder commonly abbreviated as?

A

OCD

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66
Q

What are obsessions in the context of OCD?

A

Intrusive thoughts or urges, such as cleanliness

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67
Q

What are compulsions in the context of OCD?

A

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts, such as needing to keep everything clean

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68
Q

What are rituals in OCD?

A

Specific behaviors performed in a certain way, such as using Lysol in a diagonal motion or vinegar in a circular motion

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69
Q

What percentage of Canadians are affected by OCD?

A

~1%

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70
Q

What are two common treatments for OCD?

A
  • CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)
  • Antidepressants
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71
Q

Which celebrity has described their OCD challenges related to germs?

A

Howie Mandel

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72
Q

Which celebrity has described their challenges with compulsions?

A

Leonardo DiCaprio

73
Q

What are common depressive symptoms?

A
  • Feelings of helplessness
  • Feelings of hopelessness
  • Extreme guilt
  • Disturbed sleep
  • Changes in eating patterns
  • Weight loss
  • Restlessness or fatigue
  • Anhedonia
  • Inability to enjoy life
  • Suicidal thoughts

These symptoms can significantly impact daily functioning and quality of life.

74
Q

What is the prevalence of depressive disorders among Canadians aged 15 and older?

A

Affects approximately 11%

This statistic highlights the widespread nature of depressive disorders in the population.

75
Q

What is Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) and its prevalence in Canada?

A

Affects 2-3% of Canadians

SAD is characterized by depressive symptoms that occur at a specific time of year, often in winter.

76
Q

What percentage of new mothers experience postpartum depression?

A

Approximately 25%

Postpartum depression can affect mothers soon after childbirth, impacting their well-being and the care of their newborn.

77
Q

What neurotransmitter imbalance is associated with depressive disorders?

A

Imbalance of neurotransmitters

This imbalance may include serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, which are crucial for mood regulation.

78
Q

Fill in the blank: Anhedonia refers to a loss of _______.

A

enjoyment of usual activities

Anhedonia is a core symptom of depression and can lead to withdrawal from social interactions.

79
Q

True or False: Disturbed sleep is a symptom of depressive disorders.

A

True

Sleep disturbances can manifest as insomnia or hypersomnia in individuals with depressive disorders.

80
Q

What are some physical symptoms of depression?

A
  • Disturbed sleep
  • Changes in eating patterns
  • Weight loss
  • Restlessness or fatigue

These physical symptoms can often accompany emotional symptoms and may vary in intensity.

81
Q

What is bipolar disorder formerly known as?

A

Manic depressive disorder

Bipolar disorder is characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania.

82
Q

What are the key characteristics of mania?

A

Extreme euphoria, rapid speech, lack of need to sleep, grandiosity

These symptoms can significantly impact an individual’s daily functioning.

83
Q

What percentage of Canadians are affected by bipolar disorder?

A

1%

This statistic highlights the prevalence of the disorder in the Canadian population.

84
Q

At what stage of life does bipolar disorder typically begin?

A

Adolescence or early adulthood

Early onset can influence the course and management of the disorder.

85
Q

Name a common treatment for bipolar disorder.

A

CBT, lithium carbonate, anticonvulsants, tranquilizers

These treatments can help manage symptoms and stabilize mood.

86
Q

True or False: Bipolar disorder is characterized solely by periods of depression.

A

False

Bipolar disorder includes both depressive episodes and manic episodes.

87
Q

Fill in the blank: Bipolar disorder involves periods of depression followed by _______.

A

mania

Mania is a key feature that differentiates bipolar disorder from unipolar depression.

88
Q

How do nerve cells communicate?

A

Through a combination of electrical impulses and chemical messages

89
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

Chemical messengers that alter the responsiveness of the brain

90
Q

Name two neurotransmitters mentioned in the content.

A
  • Serotonin
  • Norepinephrine
91
Q

What psychological states are influenced by neurotransmitters?

A
  • Mood
  • Level of attentiveness
  • Other psychological states
92
Q

How are many psychological disorders related to neurotransmitters?

A

They are related to problems with neurotransmitters and their receptors

93
Q

What is the effect of the antidepressant drug Prozac?

A

Increases levels of serotonin by slowing the reuptake of serotonin

94
Q

What travels down the length of the nerve axon?

A

An electrical impulse

95
Q

What happens when an electrical impulse reaches the axon terminal?

A

It stimulates the release of neurotransmitters into the synapse

96
Q

Define synapse.

A

The space between neurons

97
Q

What do neurotransmitters attach to on another neuron?

A

Receptors on a dendrite

98
Q

What activates a new electrical impulse in a neuron?

A

Neurotransmitters attaching to receptors

99
Q

What affects neurotransmitter levels in a synapse?

A
  • How much is released
  • How much is reabsorbed by the sending cell
100
Q

True or False: Neurotransmitter reuptake is the process of releasing neurotransmitters into the synapse.

101
Q

Fill in the blank: Neurotransmitter levels and activity in a synapse are affected by how much is ________ and by how much is reabsorbed.

102
Q

What is the range of severity for psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia?

A

Can range from mild to severe

Schizophrenia can present in various degrees of severity, affecting individuals differently.

103
Q

What type of disorder is schizophrenia?

A

A psychotic disorder that profoundly impairs one’s sense of reality

Psychotic disorders involve a disconnection from reality, which can manifest in various ways.

104
Q

At what age does schizophrenia typically onset?

A

Between age 16-30

The onset age can vary, but it generally occurs in late adolescence to early adulthood.

105
Q

What factors contribute to the development of schizophrenia?

A

Complex set of causal factors

Various elements such as genetics, environment, and personal experiences contribute to the disorder.

106
Q

What role do genetic factors play in schizophrenia?

A

May predispose individuals

Genetic predisposition can increase the likelihood of developing schizophrenia.

107
Q

What environmental factors can exacerbate or accelerate the progression of schizophrenia?

A

Social isolation, drug use, traumatic events

These factors can trigger or worsen the symptoms of schizophrenia in predisposed individuals.

108
Q

What are some common symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Disorganized thoughts, inappropriate emotions, delusions, hallucinations, deteriorating function, sometimes catatonia

Symptoms can vary widely and may include both cognitive and emotional disturbances.

109
Q

What percentage of the population is affected by schizophrenia?

A

~ 1% of the population

Schizophrenia is relatively rare, affecting a small segment of the population.

110
Q

What are positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Symptoms present that should be absent, including:

  • Hallucinations
  • Delusions
  • Disorganized speech
  • Grossly disorganized behaviour

Positive symptoms indicate an excess or distortion of normal functions.

111
Q

Define hallucinations in the context of schizophrenia.

A

Sensory experiences that occur without an external stimulus, including:

  • Auditory
  • Visual
  • Taste

Hallucinations can significantly impact an individual’s perception of reality.

112
Q

What are delusions?

A

Patently false beliefs, such as believing one is a historical figure like Joan of Arc.

Delusions are a common symptom in schizophrenia and can lead to significant distress.

113
Q

What is disorganized speech?

A

A form of communication where the speaker’s thoughts are incoherent or nonsensical, e.g., ‘I am taking a mental rest after a carter assignment of quill.’

This symptom reflects thought disorder and can hinder effective communication.

114
Q

Give an example of grossly disorganized behaviour.

A

Behaviour that is markedly inappropriate or bizarre, such as childlike silliness or public masturbation.

This symptom can lead to difficulties in social functioning.

115
Q

What are negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Symptoms absent that should be present, including:

  • Lack of motivation
  • Blunted feelings
  • Depression
  • Social withdrawal

Negative symptoms indicate a reduction or loss of normal functions.

116
Q

Fill in the blank: A lack of _______ is a negative symptom of schizophrenia.

A

motivation

This can manifest as an inability to initiate or sustain activities.

117
Q

True or False: Blunted feelings are a positive symptom of schizophrenia.

A

False

Blunted feelings are categorized as negative symptoms.

118
Q

What does social withdrawal indicate in schizophrenia?

A

A negative symptom that reflects a person’s retreat from social interactions and relationships.

This can lead to isolation and further exacerbate the condition.

119
Q

Fill in the blank: Depression is classified as a _______ symptom of schizophrenia.

A

negative

Depression can severely impact a person’s quality of life and functioning.

120
Q

What is the medical degree held by psychiatrists?

A

M.D.

Psychiatrists are qualified to prescribe medication due to their medical training.

121
Q

What type of degree do psychologists typically hold?

A

Ph.D. or M.Sc.

Psychologists focus on behavioral therapies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).

122
Q

Can psychologists prescribe drugs?

A

No

Psychologists are not licensed to prescribe medication.

123
Q

What type of training do social workers usually have?

A

Training in counselling

Social workers are often licensed and registered professionals.

124
Q

What is a key characteristic of counsellors?

A

No set specialized training or licensing required

Counsellors can come from various backgrounds and may not have formal training.

125
Q

True or False: Psychiatrists can offer behavioral therapy.

A

True

While primarily focused on medication, psychiatrists can also provide therapy.

126
Q

Fill in the blank: Psychiatrists have a medical degree (______).

A

M.D.

This allows them to prescribe medications.

127
Q

Fill in the blank: Psychologists can offer ______ but not prescribe drugs.

A

behavioural therapy

This includes treatments like Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT).

128
Q

What are antidepressants used for?

A

Alter neurotransmission

A common class of antidepressants includes SSRIs.

129
Q

What is the function of mood stabilizers?

A

Calm overactive brain regions

An example of a mood stabilizer is lithium.

130
Q

What do antipsychotics reduce?

A

Hallucinations

Clozapine is a well-known antipsychotic.

131
Q

What is the primary effect of anxiolytics?

A

Induce calm

Xanax is a commonly used anxiolytic.

132
Q

What do stimulants do to CNS activity?

A

Increase CNS activity

Ritalin is an example of a stimulant.

133
Q

What are the three models that can be useful alone or with therapeutics?

A

Behavioural, cognitive, and psychodynamic models

These models provide different approaches to treatment.

134
Q

What does the behavioural model focus on?

A

What people do; stimulus, response, and (altering) reinforcement

This model emphasizes observable behaviors and the effects of the environment.

135
Q

What is the focus of the cognitive model?

A

The effect of ideas on behaviour

This model examines how thoughts influence actions.

136
Q

What is cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)?

A

A variety of techniques that work towards changing negative patterns of thought and action into positive ones

CBT is an effective treatment approach for various psychological issues.

137
Q

What is the second leading cause of death for those aged 15-34 in Canada?

A

Suicide

This statistic highlights the critical nature of mental health issues in younger populations.

138
Q

What mental health conditions are often associated with suicide?

A

Depressive disorders or major life crises

These conditions can exacerbate feelings of hopelessness.

139
Q

What feelings are commonly linked to suicidal ideation?

A

Feelings of hopelessness, rejection, or lack of self-worth

These emotional states can significantly impact mental health.

140
Q

How much more likely are men to commit suicide compared to women?

A

3 times more likely

This statistic indicates a gender disparity in suicide rates.

141
Q

Among which demographic is suicide six times higher?

A

Indigenous youth

This highlights the urgent need for targeted mental health interventions.

142
Q

What percentage of Canadian adults report considering suicide at some point?

A

~15%

This statistic underscores the prevalence of suicidal thoughts in the adult population.

143
Q

What should individuals do if they need help regarding suicidal thoughts?

A

CALL OR TEXT 9-8-8

This service provides immediate support for those in crisis.

144
Q

What should you do if someone you know is considering suicide?

A

Listen without judgement

Listening without judgement creates a safe space for the person to express their feelings.

145
Q

How should you express your feelings to someone considering suicide?

A

Show love and care

Demonstrating love and care can help the individual feel valued and supported.

146
Q

What is a key question to ask someone who may be suicidal?

A

Ask about recent events

Understanding recent changes in their life can provide context to their feelings.

147
Q

What type of questions should you ask someone considering suicide?

A

Ask direct questions

Direct questions can help clarify their feelings and intentions.

148
Q

What should you do if a suicidal person is in imminent danger?

A

Do not leave them alone

Staying with them can prevent immediate harm and provide support.

149
Q

What is a proactive step to take after discussing suicide with someone?

A

Make plans for the next day

Helping them to focus on the future can provide hope and a reason to continue.

150
Q

What type of support should you recommend to someone who is suicidal?

A

Recommend counselling

Professional counselling can provide the necessary tools and support for recovery.

151
Q

All stress is bad

A

False

Some stress can be beneficial, acting as a motivator or enhancing performance.

152
Q

High stress can impair memory

A

True

Chronic stress negatively affects brain function, particularly in memory-related areas.

153
Q

There is no impact of stress on our digestive system

A

False

Stress can lead to digestive issues, including irritable bowel syndrome and other gastrointestinal problems.

154
Q

Exercise is a form of stress

A

True

Exercise is a physical stressor that can have both positive and negative effects on the body.

155
Q

What is stress?

A

Any situation that disrupts homeostasis

Homeostasis is the state of dynamic equilibrium in the body.

156
Q

Define homeostasis.

A

State of dynamic equilibrium

Examples include regulation of body temperature, blood pH, and glucose levels.

157
Q

What do stressors do to the body?

A

Shift our body away from homeostasis

Stressors can be physiological, psychological, or environmental.

158
Q

What is the General Adaptation Syndrome?

A

How our body responds to stress

This concept describes the three stages of stress response: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

159
Q

What is eustress?

A

Positive stress that promotes high-level functioning

Eustress can motivate individuals and improve performance.

160
Q

What is distress?

A

Negative stress that decreases performance

Distress can lead to anxiety and decrease overall well-being.

161
Q

What are common physical symptoms of excess stress?

A
  • Dry mouth
  • Excessive perspiration
  • Frequent illnesses
  • Gastrointestinal problems
  • Grinding of teeth
  • Headaches
  • High blood pressure
  • Pounding heart
  • Stiff neck or aching lower back

These symptoms reflect the body’s physical response to stress.

162
Q

List emotional symptoms associated with excess stress.

A
  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Edginess
  • Fatigue
  • Hypervigilance
  • Impulsiveness
  • Inability to concentrate
  • Irritability
  • Trouble remembering things

Emotional symptoms can significantly impact daily functioning and well-being.

163
Q

What are some behavioral symptoms of excess stress?

A
  • Crying
  • Disrupted eating habits
  • Disrupted sleeping habits
  • Harsh treatment of others
  • Problems communicating
  • Sexual problems
  • Social isolation
  • Increased use of tobacco, alcohol, or other drugs

Behavioral changes often indicate how stress is affecting interpersonal relationships and lifestyle choices.

164
Q

True or False: Frequent illnesses can be a symptom of excess stress.

A

True

Stress can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to illnesses.

165
Q

Fill in the blank: One emotional symptom of excess stress is _______.

A

[anxiety]

Anxiety is a common emotional response to stress.

166
Q

What symptom involves physical pain in the neck or lower back due to stress?

A

Stiff neck or aching lower back

Stress can manifest in physical tension, leading to discomfort in various areas of the body.

167
Q

Fill in the blank: Increased use of _______ can be a behavioral symptom of excess stress.

A

[tobacco, alcohol, or other drugs]

Many individuals may turn to substances as a coping mechanism for stress.

168
Q

How many hours of sleep do most adults need each night?

169
Q

What are the two main states of sleep that individuals cycle between?

A

REM and non-REM

170
Q

True or False: Sleep is a passive state.

171
Q

What occurs in successive stages during non-REM sleep?

A

Different stages of non-REM sleep

172
Q

List three important functions of sleep.

A
  • Clearing the brain of wastes
  • Learning and memory
  • Proper immune function
173
Q

What is one way to minimize stress?

A

Ensure you have a support system

A support system can include family, friends, or professionals who provide emotional and practical help.

174
Q

How can communication skills help in stress management?

A

Improve your communication skills

Effective communication can prevent misunderstandings and help express needs and feelings.

175
Q

What should you practice to foster positive relationships?

A

Be kind and nurturing to others

Acts of kindness can enhance social connections and improve emotional well-being.

176
Q

What are key components of a healthy lifestyle that can reduce stress?

A

Develop healthy exercise, eating, and sleeping habits

Regular physical activity, balanced nutrition, and adequate sleep are crucial for stress management.

177
Q

What are examples of healthy coping techniques?

A

Meditation, music

These techniques can help relax the mind and reduce stress levels.

178
Q

What skill involves recognizing and managing stressors?

A

Learn to identify and moderate stressors and develop resilience

Developing resilience helps individuals cope with challenges and recover from stress more effectively.

BPK 140 (6 decks)

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