Unit 9 Late Middle Ages

Question 1

Reform from within - 7 sacraments

Answer 1

Baptism
Eucharist - communion
Penace/reconciliation
Confirmation - 
Marriage
Holy Orders
Anointing of the sick/last rites

Question 2

Reform from within - Church organization

Answer 2

Pope
Cardinals
Archbishops
Bishops
Priests

Question 3

Reform from within - Simony

Answer 3

Paying your way in to a high church position

Question 4

Reform from within - Clunaic reform

Answer 4

Cluny’s reform re-instituted the rule of St. Benedict

Question 5

Reform from within - Cistercians

Answer 5

monks that are apart of the Cistercian’s order that had a reputation for austerity

Question 6

Reform from within - Mendicants

Answer 6

People who did not believe in personal belongings or community

Question 7

Reform from within - Dominicans

Answer 7

They fought against people with wrong beliefs and emphasized theological training.

Question 8

Reform from within - St Francis

Answer 8

Saint Francis converts after leper experience. Known as the little poor man. Received stigmata while praying(Blood comes out). He receive the words “repair my house” from God.

Question 9

Franciscans -

Answer 9

Franciscans were beggars also known as mendicants. Started by Saint Francis

Question 10

1st Crusade - Pope Urban II

Answer 10

Pope Urban II gets called to Clermont, france to help emperor Alexius from the Byzantine Empire

Question 11

1st Crusade - Alexius

Answer 11

Byzantine Emperor Alexius calls for help to go against the Muslims

Question 12

1st Crusade - Causes

Answer 12

The causes were to get wealth and women, Salvation from God, Forgive debt, Gain land, and to have an adventure

Question 13

1st Crusade - Peasant’s Crusade

Answer 13

Peter the Hermit leads the peasants crusade. He kills Jews for Supplies and eventually failed.

Question 14

1st Crusade - Jerusalem

Answer 14

When the crusaders arrive to Jerusalem there were different Muslims ruling it. These Muslims were nice and friendly towards Christians. A man had a bad stomach and while he was using the restrooms he found where the Muslims hid the trees. They build siege towers and slaughter Muslims. Christians win.

Question 15

3rd Crusade - Causes

Answer 15

Trying to take back Jerusalem again. Wanted control of land for more power and money. Moral Cesspool.

Question 16

3rd Crusade - Saladin

Answer 16

The great Saladin also known as the “Son of the Devil” led the Muslims and they fought against Richard the Lionheart.

Question 17

3rd Crusade - Richard the Lionheart

Answer 17

Lionheart was an English king and put all of his efforts towards the crusade.

Question 18

3rd Crusade - Significance of the Crusades

Answer 18

The Crusade changed history in a big way bay creating religious tensions between Christians and Muslims. It weakens the Byzantine Empire and closed contact with middle eastern culture.

Question 19

1066 - Battle of Hastings

Answer 19

Normans invade and conquer English

Question 20

1066 - William & Harold

Answer 20

Anglo Saxons (English) vs Normans (France) Harold vs William the conqueror. William wins.

Question 21

1066 - Effects of the invasion

Answer 21

Elite replacement. English emigrate. Government centralize. Creates a treasurer. French and English contact their Language.

Question 22

Magna Carta - King John

Answer 22

King John was a cruel, ignorant, and unpopular king. he rose taxes and took money for wars that he never won

Question 23

Magna Carta - Principles established-be able to distinguish

Answer 23

The nobles created a Great Charter or the Magna Carta to limit the kings power and protect thier rights

Question 24

Dante’s Divine Comedy - Beatrice and Virgil

Answer 24

Beatrice was Dante’s love interest who died two years before he wrote his divine comedy and he wrote her into the story as one of his guides through the 3 parts. His other Guide that he wrote in the story was a famous Roman poet, Virgil.

Question 25

Dante’s Divine Comedy - Themes

Answer 25

Religious theme of Heaven and Hell. Allegory story of souls journey toward God. Recognition and rejection of sin.

Question 26

Dante’s Divine Comedy - Major stages

Answer 26

Inferno - deepest parts of Hell Purgatory - in between Heaven and Hell. Waiting place Paradiso - Heaven

Question 27

Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales - Purpose

Answer 27

Written as a collection of stories by travelers to pass time.

Question 28

Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales - Pardoner's Tale

Answer 28

Its about three drunk men trying to find death and kill it.

Question 29

Black Death - Causes

Answer 29

Caused by bacteria carried by fleas on rats. Its was spreading so quick because of a mini ice age which caused weak immune systems

Question 30

Black Death - Effects

Answer 30

Hate towards church. Flagellants whipped themselves to atone for sin. Increased peasants wages. Jewish punished and persecuted for being blamed for causing Black Death. Questioning of Medicine. Overall depressed view on the world.

Question 31

Effects - Danse Macabre

Answer 31

Showed universality of death. Personified death.

Question 32

Effects - Flagellants

Answer 32

Spread the Bubonic plague even faster because of open wounds from being whipped.

Question 33

Scholasticism - Rise of Universities

Answer 33

Islamic scholarship created a new interest in scholasticism.

Question 34

Scholasticism - Peter Abelard and Heloise

Answer 34

Peter Abelard was a famous scholastic that tutored Heloise and later fell in love with her. Punished for his relationship. He wrote famous love letters to her.

Question 35

Thomas Aquinas - Summa Theologica

Answer 35

The goal is to reconcile philosophy with theology. (Find out Somthing by figuring out what it is not)

Question 36

Thomas Aquinas - Moral and theological virtues

Answer 36

He wanted to reconcile philosophy with theology. Tempted by parents to avoid priesthood. Called the dumb ox of Sicily.

Question 37

Thomas Aquinas - 5 arguments for existence of God

Answer 37

``` Motion Causality Contingency Degrees Design ```

Question 38

Papal Schism - Avignon vs. Rome

Answer 38

Avignon split from Rome because they disagreed on who should be the next Pope. They eventually had three Popes at once.

Question 39

Papal Schism - Urban VI & Clement VII

Answer 39

The French elect Clement VII while the Romans elect Urban VI.

Question 40

Papal Schism - Council of Constance

Answer 40

The council force all three Popes to resign. They elected a new pope which ends Papal Schism.

Question 41

Fall of Constantinople - 1453

Answer 41

Ottoman Turks (Muslims) vs Byzantine Empire.

Question 42

Fall of Constantinople - Ottomans

Answer 42

Ottoman Empire lasts till WWI.

Question 43

Fall of Constantinople - Why this is significant

Answer 43

Famous for use of gunpowder.

Question 44

Map locations. Know all before test

Answer 44

``` A. Ireland B. Scotland C. England D. Norway E. Sweden F. Poland G. Naples H. Papal States I. Navarre J. Hungary K. Castille L. Granada M. France N. Holy Roman Empire O. Bohemia P. Aragon ```