Unit 9 Late Middle Ages Flashcards
Reform from within - 7 sacraments
Baptism Eucharist - communion Penace/reconciliation Confirmation - Marriage Holy Orders Anointing of the sick/last rites
Reform from within - Church organization
Pope Cardinals Archbishops Bishops Priests
Reform from within - Simony
Paying your way in to a high church position
Reform from within - Clunaic reform
Cluny’s reform re-instituted the rule of St. Benedict
Reform from within - Cistercians
monks that are apart of the Cistercian’s order that had a reputation for austerity
Reform from within - Mendicants
People who did not believe in personal belongings or community
Reform from within - Dominicans
They fought against people with wrong beliefs and emphasized theological training.
Reform from within - St Francis
Saint Francis converts after leper experience. Known as the little poor man. Received stigmata while praying(Blood comes out). He receive the words “repair my house” from God.
Franciscans -
Franciscans were beggars also known as mendicants. Started by Saint Francis
1st Crusade - Pope Urban II
Pope Urban II gets called to Clermont, france to help emperor Alexius from the Byzantine Empire
1st Crusade - Alexius
Byzantine Emperor Alexius calls for help to go against the Muslims
1st Crusade - Causes
The causes were to get wealth and women, Salvation from God, Forgive debt, Gain land, and to have an adventure
1st Crusade - Peasant’s Crusade
Peter the Hermit leads the peasants crusade. He kills Jews for Supplies and eventually failed.
1st Crusade - Jerusalem
When the crusaders arrive to Jerusalem there were different Muslims ruling it. These Muslims were nice and friendly towards Christians. A man had a bad stomach and while he was using the restrooms he found where the Muslims hid the trees. They build siege towers and slaughter Muslims. Christians win.
3rd Crusade - Causes
Trying to take back Jerusalem again. Wanted control of land for more power and money. Moral Cesspool.
3rd Crusade - Saladin
The great Saladin also known as the “Son of the Devil” led the Muslims and they fought against Richard the Lionheart.
3rd Crusade - Richard the Lionheart
Lionheart was an English king and put all of his efforts towards the crusade.
3rd Crusade - Significance of the Crusades
The Crusade changed history in a big way bay creating religious tensions between Christians and Muslims. It weakens the Byzantine Empire and closed contact with middle eastern culture.
1066 - Battle of Hastings
Normans invade and conquer English
1066 - William & Harold
Anglo Saxons (English) vs Normans (France) Harold vs William the conqueror. William wins.
1066 - Effects of the invasion
Elite replacement. English emigrate. Government centralize. Creates a treasurer. French and English contact their Language.
Magna Carta - King John
King John was a cruel, ignorant, and unpopular king. he rose taxes and took money for wars that he never won
Magna Carta - Principles established-be able to distinguish
The nobles created a Great Charter or the Magna Carta to limit the kings power and protect thier rights
Dante’s Divine Comedy - Beatrice and Virgil
Beatrice was Dante’s love interest who died two years before he wrote his divine comedy and he wrote her into the story as one of his guides through the 3 parts. His other Guide that he wrote in the story was a famous Roman poet, Virgil.
Dante’s Divine Comedy - Themes
Religious theme of Heaven and Hell. Allegory story of souls journey toward God. Recognition and rejection of sin.
Dante’s Divine Comedy - Major stages
Inferno - deepest parts of Hell
Purgatory - in between Heaven and Hell. Waiting place
Paradiso - Heaven
Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales - Purpose
Written as a collection of stories by travelers to pass time.
Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales - Pardoner’s Tale
Its about three drunk men trying to find death and kill it.
Black Death - Causes
Caused by bacteria carried by fleas on rats. Its was spreading so quick because of a mini ice age which caused weak immune systems
Black Death - Effects
Hate towards church. Flagellants whipped themselves to atone for sin. Increased peasants wages. Jewish punished and persecuted for being blamed for causing Black Death. Questioning of Medicine. Overall depressed view on the world.
Effects - Danse Macabre
Showed universality of death. Personified death.
Effects - Flagellants
Spread the Bubonic plague even faster because of open wounds from being whipped.
Scholasticism - Rise of Universities
Islamic scholarship created a new interest in scholasticism.
Scholasticism - Peter Abelard and Heloise
Peter Abelard was a famous scholastic that tutored Heloise and later fell in love with her. Punished for his relationship. He wrote famous love letters to her.
Thomas Aquinas - Summa Theologica
The goal is to reconcile philosophy with theology. (Find out Somthing by figuring out what it is not)
Thomas Aquinas - Moral and theological virtues
He wanted to reconcile philosophy with theology. Tempted by parents to avoid priesthood. Called the dumb ox of Sicily.
Thomas Aquinas - 5 arguments for existence of God
Motion Causality Contingency Degrees Design
Papal Schism - Avignon vs. Rome
Avignon split from Rome because they disagreed on who should be the next Pope. They eventually had three Popes at once.
Papal Schism - Urban VI & Clement VII
The French elect Clement VII while the Romans elect Urban VI.
Papal Schism - Council of Constance
The council force all three Popes to resign. They elected a new pope which ends Papal Schism.
Fall of Constantinople - 1453
Ottoman Turks (Muslims) vs Byzantine Empire.
Fall of Constantinople - Ottomans
Ottoman Empire lasts till WWI.
Fall of Constantinople - Why this is significant
Famous for use of gunpowder.
Map locations.
Know all before test
A. Ireland B. Scotland C. England D. Norway E. Sweden F. Poland G. Naples H. Papal States I. Navarre J. Hungary K. Castille L. Granada M. France N. Holy Roman Empire O. Bohemia P. Aragon
