History Final spring 2017 Flashcards
Jesus
He used parables to teach. He used miracles to show that He is God. Death/burial/resurrection. 40 days of ministry after the resurrection.
Pentecost
When the holy spirit is left when Jesus went up to Heaven. It allowed for the the Christians to speak in tongues all over the world so others could understand the message of Jesus Christ.
Paul
Used to kill Christians. He was then converted and became a disciple. Goes on missionary journeys and then is persecuted. Stoned/beaten/killed. He was a Roman citizen. Used Roman roads to easily get around.
Martyr
Someone who dies for their faith
Constantine
Battle of Milvian bridge: Dreams about the symbol that is called the Chyro and if he puts it on the shield they will win. He built a second capitol in Constantinople. Built Haggai Sophia. He gathered a bunch of Bishops and created a standard statement of Christianity called the Nicene Creed. Also created the Edict of Milan which legalized Christianity.
Edict of Milan
Made Christianity legal
Original Sin
Sin from Adam and Eve that is passed down from every generation.
St. Augustine
Bishop of Hippo. Wrote two books: Confessions and City of God. Created Just War: You had to go war for the right reason. You had to follow the rules.
Fall of Rome
The Emperor Theodosius dies and Rome spits in two. The west was larger. The east was smaller. West was difficult to defend. Had less production. More expenses. Hired barbarians to defend the West. East was smaller. Had more protection and production. More people. Rome fell in 476 A.D.
Byzantine Empire
The Eastern half of the Roman Empire. Same issues as the western half but dealt with it better. Threatened by barbarians but beat them.
Hippodrome
Horse racing stadium.
Justinian
Emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Justinian’s Code: body of Civil laws. Nika Revolt: blue and green teams threatened Justinian. Lures them into Hippodrome and kills them.
Muhammad
The creator of Islam. The first caliph and last prophet. Wrote the Quran
Five Pillars of Islam
Shahada - To publicly state your faith in Islam
Salat - Praying 5 times a day
Hajj - The Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca that they must make at least once in their life.
Sawm - Fasting during the time of Ramadan during the day and feasting at night
Zakat - giving money to the poor under Islamic law for charitable and religious purposes
Kaaba
A square stone building in the middle of the great mosque in Mecca. They must always face it when they pray from anywhere in the world.
Islamic Art and Architecture
It is disrespectful to draw portraits of Muhammad or Allah. The architecture is not specifically of a religion, or of a time, or of a place, or of a single medium like painting.
Sunni-shia split
The Sunni and Shia disagreed on who should be the next Caliph after Muhammads death. They split because of disagreements and fight to this day.
Caliph
Leader of the Islamic religion and has full religious and militaristic power.
Tithe
A religious donation
Charles Martel
The defender of Christianity, grandfather of Charlemagne, father to Pepin the short. Stopped the Muslim advance into Europe in the Battle of Tours.
Charlemagne
Father of Europe, “Charles the Great”
Carolingian Renaissance
Dynasty that ruled parts of Europe. Charles Martel, Pepin the short,
Feudalism
System of reciprocal political relationships. It starts out with the (Peasants, Serfs) then (Merchants, Farmers, Craftsmen) then (Knights, Vassals) then (Nobles) and (Pope, Church, Monarch)
Rule of St. Benedict
A religious rule book to give a standard on how to live as a monk on a daily basis.
St. Patrick
St. Patrick was a slave in Ireland. Escaped slavery. becomes priest and bishop. 1st missionary to barbarians beyond roman world.
Monasticism
a religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work
Divine Office
Work of God
Chivalry
The Medieval knightly system with its religious, moral, and social code.
St. Francis
g
Battle of Hastings
William the conquerer defeated the anglo saxons and killed king Henry II. Leaving the way open for the Norman conquest of England.
Papal Schism
There were three Popes elected that led to people fighting over who should be the next pope. The Council of Constance forced the three Popes to resign which ended the Papal schism.
Magna Carta
King John rose taxes to pay for wars he never won. He was cruel and rude. Nobles wrote a paper called the Magna Carta. It limits the Kings power and protects their writes
Scholasticism
a method of critical thought which dominated teaching by the academics of medieval universities in Europe. based on Aristotelian logic and the writings of early church fathers.
Romanesque Architecture
Wide, high windows
Gothic Architecture
Large glass paintings, Narrow, gargoyles, pointing to God, tall, detailed.
Crusades
g
Becket
Archbishop of Canterbury. Assassinated by king Henry II when he apposed him.
Bubonic Plague
A plague that almost wiped out the world.
Magellan
g
Columbus
Tried to find a faster rout to India but he accidentally landed in South America.
Cortes
A Spanish conquistador who conquered the leader of the Aztecs Montezuma
Cartography
The early type of style of drawing maps
Humanism
It is the belief that you should have a system of thought with man at the center.
Machiavelli
An atheist. Sees Christians as weak. He thinks the ends justify the means. Wrote the Prince dedicated to the Medici family.
Renaissance characteristics
g
Famous pieces of Renaissance art
Donatellos and Michelangelos David
Michelangelos:
David
Sistine chapel ceiling
Pieta
Raphael:
School of Athens
Leonardo Da Vinci:
Last Supper
Mona Lisa
Virtruvian Man
Renaissance Man
Martin Luther
Converted the Bible from Latin to German. Made 95 theses. Accused of committing a crime against pope. Escapes and lives in castle for two years.
Henry VIII
He had six wives
Calvinism
g
