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Biology 3 > Unit 9: Getting Energy > Flashcards

Unit 9: Getting Energy Flashcards

1
Q

What is ATP?

A

This is adenosine triphosphate and helps the body move.

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2
Q

What are the reactants in the equation used to create ATP?

A

Glucose (C6H1206)
Oxygen

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3
Q

What are the products in the equation used to create ATP?

A

Water
Carbon dioxide
Energy in the form of heat
ATP

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4
Q

What is ATP stored as?

A

ADP (adenosine diphosphate)

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5
Q

How is energy lost in cellular respiration?

A

Heat

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6
Q

How is the energy lost from cellular respiration helpful?

A

It helps us maintain our internal body temperature

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7
Q

What are the two types of cellular respiration?

A

Anaerobic
Aerobic

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8
Q

Is oxygen required for anaerobic respiration?

A

No it is not required

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9
Q

Is oxygen required for aerobic respiration?

A

Yes it is required

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10
Q

How fast does anaerobic respiration produce ATP?

A

It is a very rapid conversion

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11
Q

How fast does aerobic respiration produce ATP?

A

It is slower than anaerobic respiration

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12
Q

How long can anaerobic respiration be sustained?

A

It can only be sustained for around 60 seconds

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13
Q

What are the products of anaerobic respiration in humans?

A

Lactate (lactic acid)
Water

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14
Q

What are the products of anaerobic respiration in yeasts and plants?

A

Ethanol Alcohol
Carbon Dioxide

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15
Q

What are the products of anaerobic respiration in bacteria?

A

Butyl Alcohol

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16
Q

How efficient is the energy transfer in anaerobic respiration?

A

Not very efficient y

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17
Q

How much energy used to create ATP actually remains with the ATP?

A

Less than 40%

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18
Q

How much energy is lost from the creation of ATP?

A

Almost 60%

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19
Q

How long can aerobic respiration be sustained?

A

Indefinitely

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20
Q

How much ATP is produced from aerobic respiration?

A

36 mol of ATP

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21
Q

What are the products of aerobic respiration?

A

Carbon Dioxide
Water

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22
Q

What are the three stages of aerobic respiration?

A

Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport

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23
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell

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24
Q

What are the products of glycolysis?

A

2 Pyruvate is created

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25
Q

How much ATP is produced during glycolysis in aerobic respiration?

A

2 ATP

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26
Q

Where does the Krebs Cycle occur?

A

It occurs in the mitochondria of the cell

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27
Q

What does pyruvate get converted into during the Krebs Cycle?

A

It is converted into 6 molecules of carbon dioxide

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28
Q

What is the other product (excluding carbon dioxide) of the Krebs Cycle?

A

10 “loaded” acceptors

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29
Q

How much ATP does the Krebs Cycle produce during aerobic respiration?

A

2 ATP

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30
Q

Where does electron transport occur?

A

It occurs in the mitochondria

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31
Q

What occurs during electron transport?

A

The “loaded” acceptors are converted into unloaded acceptors

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32
Q

What are the products of electron transport?

A

Water

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33
Q

How much ATP does electron transport produce during aerobic respiration?

A

32 ATP

34
Q

When does anaerobic respiration occur?

A

It occurs when oxygen is not available

35
Q

What is the first stage of anaerobic respiration?

A

Glycolysis

36
Q

What conversions occur during glycolysis?

A

ADP is converted into ATP
Glucose is converted into pyruvate, which is then converted into lactate

37
Q

How much ATP does glycolysis produce during anaerobic respiration?

A

2 ATP

38
Q

What happens if a cell continues performing anaerobic respiration?

A

Lactate builds up
pH falls
Muscle fatigue

39
Q

What happens when anaerobic respiration stops?

A

The lactate created is converted back into pyruvate and enters the Krebs Cycle

40
Q

What occurs during photosynthesis?

A

Light energy is captured and it is transformed into chemical energy

41
Q

Where is light energy trapped within a plant cell?

A

Chlorophyll

42
Q

Where is chlorophyll stored?

A

It is stored inside the choloplast

43
Q

What are chloroplasts composed of?

A

Lamelle
Stroma
Grana

44
Q

What is the lamelle?

A

It is an inner membrane which is folded to increase surface area

45
Q

What is the stroma?

A

It is a fluid matrix

46
Q

What are the grana?

A

They are groups of lamelle bound together to create chlorophyll

47
Q

What are the reactants in the photosynthesis equation?

A

Carbon Dioxide
Water

48
Q

What are the reaction conditions for photosynthesis?

A

Light energy
Chlorophyll

49
Q

What are the products in the photosynthesis equation?

A

Glucose
Water
Carbon Dioxide

50
Q

What happens to a small amount of oxygen created from photosynthesis?

A

It is kept by the plant for cellular respiration

51
Q

What are the two steps to photosynthesis?

A

Light-dependant
Light-independent

52
Q

What is the first stage of photosynthesis?

A

Light-dependant reactions

53
Q

What occurs during light-dependent reactions?

A

Chlorophyll traps light energy and converts it into ATP

54
Q

What are the reactants during light-dependent reactions?

A

Water

55
Q

What are the reaction conditions during light-dependent reactions?

A

Light
Chlorophyll

56
Q

What are the products of light-dependent reactions?

A

Hydrogen ions
Oxygen ions
ATP

57
Q

What is the second stage of photosynthesis?

A

Light-independent reactions

58
Q

What occurs during light-independent reactions?

A

ATP is used to provide energy to bond carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions to form glucose

59
Q

What are the reactants in light-independent reactions?

A

ATP
Hydrogen ions
Carbon dioxide

60
Q

What are the products in light-dependent reactions?

A

Glucose
Water
ADP

61
Q

What are the factors that affect photosynthesis?

A

Carbon Dioxide
Light intensity
Temperature

62
Q

What happens to carbon dioxide before it enters a plant cell?

A

It dissolves into either carbonate ions or carbonic acid

63
Q

What happens at high light intensities?

A

Photosynthesis is greater than cellular respiration

64
Q

What is the substance that has a net output in high light intensities?

A

Oxygen

65
Q

What happens at low light intensities during photosynthesis?

A

Photosynthesis is less than cellular respiration

66
Q

What is the substance that has a net output in low light intensities?

A

Carbon dioxide

67
Q

What is the compensation point?

A

It is where photosynthesis equals the rate of cellular respiration

68
Q

What happens to the rate of photosynthesis if light intensity increases?

A

Photosynthesis will also increase

69
Q

How much light is reflected by a leaf?

A

About 20%

70
Q

How much light is not absorbed by chlorophyll?

A

About 71%

71
Q

How much light is captured by chlorophyll and converted into chemical energy?

A

Less than 1%

72
Q

What happens to the rate of photosynthesis when the temperature increases?

A

The rate of photosynthesis will also increase up until 20-40 degrees

73
Q

What happens when the temperature exceeds the comfortable range for a plant?

A

The rate of photosynthesis will decrease

74
Q

How does oxygen affect photosynthesis?

A

It reduces the rate of photosynthesis as it dilutes the carbon dioxide diffusing into the cell

75
Q

How does water affect photosynthesis?

A

If there is not enough water available the rate of photosynthesis will decrease as the stomata closes

76
Q

How does chlorophyll affect photosynthesis?

A

If the soil is deficient in either nitrogen or magnesium the plant will not make enough chlorophyll

77
Q

What happens when a plant cannot create a sufficient amount of chlorophyll?

A

It will appear yellow

78
Q

What is chemosynthesis?

A

Instead of photosynthesis, they use the chemical energy found in inorganic moleucles

79
Q

What organism uses chemosynthesis?

A

Autotrophic bacteria

80
Q

What is produced as a result of chemosynthesis?

A

Methane gas

Biology 3 (6 decks)

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