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Biology 3 > Unit 9: Getting Energy > Flashcards

Unit 9: Getting Energy Flashcards

1
Q

What is ATP?

A

This is adenosine triphosphate and helps the body move.

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2
Q

What are the reactants in the equation used to create ATP?

A

Glucose (C6H1206)
Oxygen

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3
Q

What are the products in the equation used to create ATP?

A

Water
Carbon dioxide
Energy in the form of heat
ATP

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4
Q

What is ATP stored as?

A

ADP (adenosine diphosphate)

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5
Q

How is energy lost in cellular respiration?

A

Heat

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6
Q

How is the energy lost from cellular respiration helpful?

A

It helps us maintain our internal body temperature

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7
Q

What are the two types of cellular respiration?

A

Anaerobic
Aerobic

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8
Q

Is oxygen required for anaerobic respiration?

A

No it is not required

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9
Q

Is oxygen required for aerobic respiration?

A

Yes it is required

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10
Q

How fast does anaerobic respiration produce ATP?

A

It is a very rapid conversion

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11
Q

How fast does aerobic respiration produce ATP?

A

It is slower than anaerobic respiration

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12
Q

How long can anaerobic respiration be sustained?

A

It can only be sustained for around 60 seconds

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13
Q

What are the products of anaerobic respiration in humans?

A

Lactate (lactic acid)
Water

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14
Q

What are the products of anaerobic respiration in yeasts and plants?

A

Ethanol Alcohol
Carbon Dioxide

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15
Q

What are the products of anaerobic respiration in bacteria?

A

Butyl Alcohol

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16
Q

How efficient is the energy transfer in anaerobic respiration?

A

Not very efficient y

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17
Q

How much energy used to create ATP actually remains with the ATP?

A

Less than 40%

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18
Q

How much energy is lost from the creation of ATP?

A

Almost 60%

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19
Q

How long can aerobic respiration be sustained?

A

Indefinitely

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20
Q

How much ATP is produced from aerobic respiration?

A

36 mol of ATP

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21
Q

What are the products of aerobic respiration?

A

Carbon Dioxide
Water

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22
Q

What are the three stages of aerobic respiration?

A

Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport

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23
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

It occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell

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24
Q

What are the products of glycolysis?

A

2 Pyruvate is created

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25
How much ATP is produced during glycolysis in aerobic respiration?
2 ATP
26
Where does the Krebs Cycle occur?
It occurs in the mitochondria of the cell
27
What does pyruvate get converted into during the Krebs Cycle?
It is converted into 6 molecules of carbon dioxide
28
What is the other product (excluding carbon dioxide) of the Krebs Cycle?
10 "loaded" acceptors
29
How much ATP does the Krebs Cycle produce during aerobic respiration?
2 ATP
30
Where does electron transport occur?
It occurs in the mitochondria
31
What occurs during electron transport?
The "loaded" acceptors are converted into unloaded acceptors
32
What are the products of electron transport?
Water
33
How much ATP does electron transport produce during aerobic respiration?
32 ATP
34
When does anaerobic respiration occur?
It occurs when oxygen is not available
35
What is the first stage of anaerobic respiration?
Glycolysis
36
What conversions occur during glycolysis?
ADP is converted into ATP Glucose is converted into pyruvate, which is then converted into lactate
37
How much ATP does glycolysis produce during anaerobic respiration?
2 ATP
38
What happens if a cell continues performing anaerobic respiration?
Lactate builds up pH falls Muscle fatigue
39
What happens when anaerobic respiration stops?
The lactate created is converted back into pyruvate and enters the Krebs Cycle
40
What occurs during photosynthesis?
Light energy is captured and it is transformed into chemical energy
41
Where is light energy trapped within a plant cell?
Chlorophyll
42
Where is chlorophyll stored?
It is stored inside the choloplast
43
What are chloroplasts composed of?
Lamelle Stroma Grana
44
What is the lamelle?
It is an inner membrane which is folded to increase surface area
45
What is the stroma?
It is a fluid matrix
46
What are the grana?
They are groups of lamelle bound together to create chlorophyll
47
What are the reactants in the photosynthesis equation?
Carbon Dioxide Water
48
What are the reaction conditions for photosynthesis?
Light energy Chlorophyll
49
What are the products in the photosynthesis equation?
Glucose Water Carbon Dioxide
50
What happens to a small amount of oxygen created from photosynthesis?
It is kept by the plant for cellular respiration
51
What are the two steps to photosynthesis?
Light-dependant Light-independent
52
What is the first stage of photosynthesis?
Light-dependant reactions
53
What occurs during light-dependent reactions?
Chlorophyll traps light energy and converts it into ATP
54
What are the reactants during light-dependent reactions?
Water
55
What are the reaction conditions during light-dependent reactions?
Light Chlorophyll
56
What are the products of light-dependent reactions?
Hydrogen ions Oxygen ions ATP
57
What is the second stage of photosynthesis?
Light-independent reactions
58
What occurs during light-independent reactions?
ATP is used to provide energy to bond carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions to form glucose
59
What are the reactants in light-independent reactions?
ATP Hydrogen ions Carbon dioxide
60
What are the products in light-dependent reactions?
Glucose Water ADP
61
What are the factors that affect photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide Light intensity Temperature
62
What happens to carbon dioxide before it enters a plant cell?
It dissolves into either carbonate ions or carbonic acid
63
What happens at high light intensities?
Photosynthesis is greater than cellular respiration
64
What is the substance that has a net output in high light intensities?
Oxygen
65
What happens at low light intensities during photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is less than cellular respiration
66
What is the substance that has a net output in low light intensities?
Carbon dioxide
67
What is the compensation point?
It is where photosynthesis equals the rate of cellular respiration
68
What happens to the rate of photosynthesis if light intensity increases?
Photosynthesis will also increase
69
How much light is reflected by a leaf?
About 20%
70
How much light is not absorbed by chlorophyll?
About 71%
71
How much light is captured by chlorophyll and converted into chemical energy?
Less than 1%
72
What happens to the rate of photosynthesis when the temperature increases?
The rate of photosynthesis will also increase up until 20-40 degrees
73
What happens when the temperature exceeds the comfortable range for a plant?
The rate of photosynthesis will decrease
74
How does oxygen affect photosynthesis?
It reduces the rate of photosynthesis as it dilutes the carbon dioxide diffusing into the cell
75
How does water affect photosynthesis?
If there is not enough water available the rate of photosynthesis will decrease as the stomata closes
76
How does chlorophyll affect photosynthesis?
If the soil is deficient in either nitrogen or magnesium the plant will not make enough chlorophyll
77
What happens when a plant cannot create a sufficient amount of chlorophyll?
It will appear yellow
78
What is chemosynthesis?
Instead of photosynthesis, they use the chemical energy found in inorganic moleucles
79
What organism uses chemosynthesis?
Autotrophic bacteria
80
What is produced as a result of chemosynthesis?
Methane gas

Biology 3 (6 decks)

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