Unit 8B Emotions, Stress, And Health Flashcards
Emotions
Responses of the whole organism involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience
James-Lange theory
The theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli.
Cannon-Bard theory
The theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion
Two-factor theory of emotion?
The Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal
What is the link between emotional arousal and the sympathetic nervous system?
The sympathetic nervous system directs your adrenal glands to release stress hormones, which then causes your liver to pour extra sugar into your bloodstream causing the physical signs of emotional arousal (faster breathing, etc)
What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system with emotional arousal?
After the emotional arousal crisis has passed the parasympathetic nervous system takes over and calms the body
What part of the brain shows the most activity when afraid?
Amygdala
Negative emotions are linked with what side of the brain? Vs positive emotions?
Negative: right hemisphere
Positive: left hemisphere
What facial parts are the most revealing?
The eyes and mouth
Empathy
The identification with others and imagination of what it’s like to walk in their shoes, and women have more of it
Do facial expressions have different meanings in different cultures?
No
Facial feedback
The effect of facial expressions on experienced emotions, as when a facial expression of anger or happiness intensifies feelings of anger or happiness
According to Carroll Izard, what are the 10 basic emotions?
Joy, interest/excitement, surprise, sadness, anger, disgust, contempt, fear, shame, and guilt
Catharsis
An emotional release of aggressive energy through action or fantasy
What is the feel-good, so good phenomenon?
People’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood
What is well-being?
Self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life
What is the diminishing returns phenomenon?
Once one has enough money for comfort and security, piling up more and more matters less and less
What is the adaptation-level phenomenon?
Our tendency to form judgements relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience
Relative deprivation
The perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves
Behavioral medicine
An interdisciplinary field that integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease
Health psychology
A subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine
Stress
The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging
What stress hormones are released from adrenal glands?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
What is the additional stress response system?
On orders from the cerebral cortex the outer part of the adrenal glands secrete glucocorticoid stress hormones such as cortisol
General adaptation syndrome
The concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases - alarm, resistance, exhaustion
Who introduced the general adaptation syndrome?
Hans Selye
What are the 3 major types of stressors?
Catastrophes, significant life changes, and daily hassles
How does stress contribute to coronary heart disease?
Blood pressure, blood cholesterol levels, and clotting speed all contribute and all increase with stress.
Psychophysiological illness
Literally, “mind-body” illness; any stress-related physical illness
Psychoneuroimmunology
The study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health
Lymphocytes (both types)
The two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system: B lymphocytes form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; T lymphocytes form in the thymus and other lymphatic tissue and attack cancer cells, virtues, and foreign substances
How does stress affect AIDS?
Stress restrains the immune systems response to infections/viruses such as AIDS
How does stress affect cancer?
With immune systems weakened by stress, tumors can develop sooner and grow larger
What 4 things don’t relate to happiness?
Age, gender, parenthood, and physical attractiveness
Fight or flight
Sympathetic nervous system response
Withdraw
Pull back, conserve energy; when faced with loss or extreme disaster, people become paralyzed by fear
Tend and befriend
Respond to stress of loss by nurturing and banding together
Coronary heart disease
The clogging of vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in North America
What was the Friedman-Rosenman Study?
- there are two types of people
+ type a: competitive, hard driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, etc
+ type b: easy going, relaxed people - they interviewed 3000 healthy men then followed them for 9 years
- 257 suffered heart attacks and none of them were purely type b ppl
Opponent-process theory
When one emotion is experienced, the other is suppressed
Cognitive-appraisal theory
For an emotion to occur, it is necessary to first think about the situation
What is acute stress?
Stress resulting from specific events or situations that involve novelty, unpredictability, or a threat to you physically
What is chronic stress?
Response to emotional pressure suffered for a prolonged period over which an individual perceived they have no control
