Unit 8A Flashcards
A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.
Instinct
A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
Motivation
The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.
Drive-reduction theory
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.
Homeostasis
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
Incentive
Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.
Hierarchy of needs
The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When it’s level is low, we feel hunger.
Glucose
The point at which an individual’s “ weight thermostat” is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.
Set point
The body’s resting rate of energy expenditure.
Basal metabolic rate
An eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve.
Anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by episodes of overrating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.
Bulimia nervosa
Significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa.
Binge-eating disorder
The four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
Sexual response cycle
A resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm.
Refractory period
Sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males and contributing to female sex characteristics. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity.
Estrogens
