Unit 5 Vocab Flashcards
The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24 hour cycle
Circadian rhythm
Our awareness of ourselves and our environment
Consciousness
Rapid eye moment sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.
REM sleep
The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.
Alpha waves
Periodic, natural loss of consciousness- as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation
Sleep
False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus
Hallucinations
The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep
Delta waves
Non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep
NREM sleep
A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The suffer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times
Narcolepsy
A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakening
Sleep apnea
A sleep disorder characterized by a high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered
Night terrors
A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamers delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it
Dream
According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content)
Manifest content
According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream ( as distinct from its manifest content)
Latent content
The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation ( created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)
REM rebound
A social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings thoughts or behaviors will spontaneously occur
Hypnosis
A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors
Posthypnotic suggestions
A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others
Dissociation
A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods
Psychoactive drug
The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug’s effect
Tolerance
The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug
Withdrawal
A psychological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued
Physical dependence
A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions
Psychological dependence
Compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences
Addiction
Drugs ( such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce activity and slow body functions
Depressants
Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement
Barbiturates
Opium and it’s derivatives, ( such as morphine and heroin); they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety
Opiates
Drugs ( such as caffeine, nicotine, and more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up the body functions
Stimulants
Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing sped-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes
Amphetamines
A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with sped-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels
Methamphetamine
An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death ( such as cardiac arrest); often similar to drug- induced hallucinations
Near-death experience
The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations
THC
Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep
Insomnia
A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short term health risks and longer term harm to serotonin producing neurons and to mood and cognition.
Ecstasy ( MDMA)
Psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
Hallucinogens
A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid
LSD
