Unit 8 Vocab Flashcards
A meeting in Yalta of President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill, and Joseph Stalin in February 1945, in which the leaders discussed the treatment of Germany, the status of Poland, the creation of the United Nations, and Russian entry into the war against Japan.
Yalta Conference
An international body agreed upon at the Yalta Conference, and founded at a conference in San Francisco in 1945, consisting of a General Assembly, in which all nations are represented, and a Security Council of the five major Allied powers — the United States, Britain, France, China, and the Soviet Union — and seven other nations elected on a rotating basis.
United Nations
Military alliance formed in 1949 among the United States, Canada, and Western European nations to counter any possible Soviet threat.
NATO
A term President Eisenhower used to refer to the military establishment and defense contractors who, he warned, exercised undue influence over the national government.
Military Industrial Complex
The world’s first satellite, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957.
Sputnik
The surge in the American birthrate between 1945 and 1965, which peaked in 1957 with 4.3 million births.
Baby Boom
Influential trumpeter
Miles Davis
Civil rights organization founded in 1942 in Chicago by James Farmer and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR) that espoused nonviolent direct action.
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
Supreme Court ruling that overturned the “separate but equal” precedent established in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896. The Court declared that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal and thus violated the Fourteenth Amendment.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
A student civil rights group founded in 1960 under the mentorship of activist Ella Baker.
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
A quarter of a million people marched to the Lincoln Memorial to demand that Congress end Jim Crow racial discrimination and launch a major jobs program to bring needed employment to black communities.
March on Washington
Law that responded to demands of the civil rights movement by making discrimination in employment, education, and public accommodations illegal. It was the strongest such measure since Reconstruction and included a ban on sex discrimination in employment.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
A militant organization dedicated to protecting African Americans from police violence, founded in Oakland, California, in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. In the late 1960s the organization spread to other cities, where members undertook a wide range of community-organizing projects, but the Panthers’ radicalism and belief in armed self-defense resulted in violent clashes with police.
Black Panther Party
A law passed by Congress in 1972 that broadened the 1964 Civil Rights Act to include educational institutions, prohibiting colleges and universities that received federal funds from discriminating on the basis of sex.
Title IX
Federal agency created by Congress and President Nixon in 1970 to enforce environmental laws, conduct environmental research, and reduce human health and environmental risks from pollutants.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
