Unit 6 Vocab

Question 1

A business model in which a corporation controlled all aspects of production from raw materials to packaged products.

Answer 1

Vertical Integration

Question 2

A business concept invented in the late nineteenth century to pressure competitors and force rivals to merge their companies into a conglomerate.

Answer 2

Horizontal Integration

Question 3

A small group of associates that hold stock from a group of combined firms, managing them as a single entity.

Answer 3

Trust

Question 4

Organization created by Samuel Gompers in 1886 that coordinated the activities of craft unions and called for direct negotiation with employers in order to achieve benefits for skilled workers.

Answer 4

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Question 5

Originally from Scotland, he was owner of a steel mill, making the steel industry boom

Answer 5

Andrew Carnegie

Question 6

Massively wealthy businessmen, known as the “king of petroleum”

Answer 6

John D. Rockefeller

Question 7

An 1896 Supreme Court case that ruled that racially segregated railroad cars and other public facilities, if they claimed to be “separate but equal,” were permissible according to the Fourteenth Amendment.

Answer 7

Plessy v. Ferguson

Question 8

An organization advocating the prohibition of liquor that spread rapidly after 1879

Answer 8

Woman’s Christian Temperance Union

Question 9

Women’s suffrage organization created in 1890 by the union of the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association.

Answer 9

National American Woman Suffrage Association

Question 10

A movement to renew religious faith through dedication to public welfare and social justice, reforming both society and the self through Christian service.

Answer 10

Social Gospel

Question 11

A term adopted by Protestants, between the 1890s and the 1910s, who rejected modernism and historical interpretations of scripture and asserted the literal truth of the Bible.

Answer 11

Fundamentalism

Question 12

Tennessee schoolteacher who sued the railroad for denying her a seat, as well as a prominent activist against lynching

Answer 12

Iba B Wells

Question 13

A form of music, apparently named for its “ragged rhythm,” that became wildly popular in the early twentieth century among audiences of all classes and races and that ushered in an urban dance craze

Answer 13

Ragtime

Question 14

A derogatory term for newspapers that specialize in sensationalistic reporting.

Answer 14

Yellow journalism

Question 15

A critical term, first applied by Theodore Roosevelt, for investigative journalists who published exposés of political scandals and industrial abuses.

Answer 15

Muckrakers

Question 16

A complex, hierarchical party organization such as New York’s Tammany Hall, whose candidates remained in office on the strength of their political organization and their personal relationship with voters, especially working-class immigrants who had little alternative access to political power.

Answer 16

Political Machine

Question 17

A loose term for political reformers — especially those from the elite and middle classes — who worked to improve the political system, fight poverty, conserve environmental resources, and increase government involvement in the economy.

Answer 17

Progressivism

Question 18

A community welfare center that investigated the plight of the urban poor, raised funds to address urgent needs, and helped neighborhood residents advocate on their own behalf.

Answer 18

Social settlement

Question 19

A 1906 law regulating the conditions in the food and drug industries to ensure a safe supply of food and medicine.

Answer 19

Pure Food & Drug Act

Question 20

A devastating fire that quickly spread through the Triangle Shirtwaist Company in New York City on March 25, 1911, killing 146 people. In the wake of the tragedy, fifty-six state laws were passed dealing with such issues as fire hazards, unsafe machines, and wages and working hours for women and children.

Answer 20

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Question 21

Landmark 1890 act that forbade anticompetitive business activities, requiring the federal government to investigate trusts and any companies operating in violation of the act.

Answer 21

Sherman Antitrust Act

Question 22

Term describing the late 19th century as a period of ostentatious displays of wealth, growing poverty, and government infraction in the face of income inequality

Answer 22

Gilded Age

Question 23

A reform organization that worked (unsuccessfully) to win a federal law banning child labor.

Answer 23

National Child Labor Committee

Question 24

An organization founded in 1910 by leading African American reformers and white allies as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans, especially through the courts.

Answer 24

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

Question 25

National civil rights leader and America’s leading Black intellectual. He published many studies and helped found the NAACP.

Answer 25

W.E.B. Du Bois