Unit 6 Vocab Flashcards
A business model in which a corporation controlled all aspects of production from raw materials to packaged products.
Vertical Integration
A business concept invented in the late nineteenth century to pressure competitors and force rivals to merge their companies into a conglomerate.
Horizontal Integration
A small group of associates that hold stock from a group of combined firms, managing them as a single entity.
Trust
Organization created by Samuel Gompers in 1886 that coordinated the activities of craft unions and called for direct negotiation with employers in order to achieve benefits for skilled workers.
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Originally from Scotland, he was owner of a steel mill, making the steel industry boom
Andrew Carnegie
Massively wealthy businessmen, known as the “king of petroleum”
John D. Rockefeller
An 1896 Supreme Court case that ruled that racially segregated railroad cars and other public facilities, if they claimed to be “separate but equal,” were permissible according to the Fourteenth Amendment.
Plessy v. Ferguson
An organization advocating the prohibition of liquor that spread rapidly after 1879
Woman’s Christian Temperance Union
Women’s suffrage organization created in 1890 by the union of the National Woman Suffrage Association and the American Woman Suffrage Association.
National American Woman Suffrage Association
A movement to renew religious faith through dedication to public welfare and social justice, reforming both society and the self through Christian service.
Social Gospel
A term adopted by Protestants, between the 1890s and the 1910s, who rejected modernism and historical interpretations of scripture and asserted the literal truth of the Bible.
Fundamentalism
Tennessee schoolteacher who sued the railroad for denying her a seat, as well as a prominent activist against lynching
Iba B Wells
A form of music, apparently named for its “ragged rhythm,” that became wildly popular in the early twentieth century among audiences of all classes and races and that ushered in an urban dance craze
Ragtime
A derogatory term for newspapers that specialize in sensationalistic reporting.
Yellow journalism
A critical term, first applied by Theodore Roosevelt, for investigative journalists who published exposés of political scandals and industrial abuses.
Muckrakers
A complex, hierarchical party organization such as New York’s Tammany Hall, whose candidates remained in office on the strength of their political organization and their personal relationship with voters, especially working-class immigrants who had little alternative access to political power.
Political Machine
A loose term for political reformers — especially those from the elite and middle classes — who worked to improve the political system, fight poverty, conserve environmental resources, and increase government involvement in the economy.
Progressivism
A community welfare center that investigated the plight of the urban poor, raised funds to address urgent needs, and helped neighborhood residents advocate on their own behalf.
Social settlement
A 1906 law regulating the conditions in the food and drug industries to ensure a safe supply of food and medicine.
Pure Food & Drug Act
A devastating fire that quickly spread through the Triangle Shirtwaist Company in New York City on March 25, 1911, killing 146 people. In the wake of the tragedy, fifty-six state laws were passed dealing with such issues as fire hazards, unsafe machines, and wages and working hours for women and children.
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
Landmark 1890 act that forbade anticompetitive business activities, requiring the federal government to investigate trusts and any companies operating in violation of the act.
Sherman Antitrust Act
Term describing the late 19th century as a period of ostentatious displays of wealth, growing poverty, and government infraction in the face of income inequality
Gilded Age
A reform organization that worked (unsuccessfully) to win a federal law banning child labor.
National Child Labor Committee
An organization founded in 1910 by leading African American reformers and white allies as a vehicle for advocating equal rights for African Americans, especially through the courts.
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
