Unit 4 Vocab

Question 1

A system of manufacture that divides production into a series of distinct and repetitive tasks performed by machines or workers.

Answer 1

Division of Labor

Question 2

Son of a middling New England farm family who invented the cotton gin

Answer 2

Eli Whitney

Question 3

The dramatic increase between 1820 and 1850 in the exchange of goods and services in market transactions.

Answer 3

Market Revolution

Question 4

A broad-ranging campaign of moral and institutional reforms inspired by evangelical Christian ideals and endorsed by upper-middle-class men and women in the 1820s and 1830s

Answer 4

Benevolent Empire

Question 5

A society invigorated by evangelical Protestants in 1832 that set out to curb the consumption of alcoholic beverages

Answer 5

American Temperance Society

Question 6

Antiforeign sentiment in the United States that fueled anti-immigrant and immigration-restriction policies against the Irish and Germans in the 1840s and the 1850s and against other ethnic immigrants in subsequent decades.

Answer 6

Nativism

Question 7

A complex, hierarchical party organization such as New York’s Tammany Hall, whose candidates remained in office on the strength of their political organization and their personal relationship with voters, especially working-class immigrants who had little alternative access to political power.

Answer 7

Political Machine

Question 8

The widespread award of public jobs to political supporters after an electoral victory.

Answer 8

Spoil System

Question 9

The mercantilist system of national economic development advocated by Henry Clay and adopted by John Quincy Adams, with a national bank to manage the nation’s financial system; protective tariffs to provide revenue and encourage industry; and a nationally funded network of roads, canals, and railroads.

Answer 9

American System

Question 10

A tariff enacted in 1828 that raised duties significantly on raw materials, textiles, and iron goods.

Answer 10

Tariff of Abominations

Question 11

The constitutional argument advanced by John C. Calhoun that a state legislature or convention could void a law passed by Congress

Answer 11

Nullification

Question 12

Act that directed the mandatory relocation of eastern tribes to territory west of the Mississippi

Answer 12

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Question 13

Forced westward journey of Cherokees from their lands in Georgia to present-day Oklahoma in 1838

Answer 13

Trail of Tears

Question 14

French for “let do” or “leave alone.” A doctrine espoused by classical liberals that the less the government does, the better, particularly in reference to the economy.

Answer 14

Laissez-Faire

Question 15

General, Tennessee Senator, and President from 1829-1837

Answer 15

Andrew Jackson

Question 16

A nineteenth-century intellectual movement that posited the importance of an ideal world of mystical knowledge and harmony beyond the immediate grasp of the senses.

Answer 16

Transcendentalism

Question 17

Word coined by Alexis de Tocqueville in 1835 to describe Americans as people no longer bound by social attachments to classes, castes, associations, and families.

Answer 17

Individualism

Question 18

A system of social and economic organization based on the common ownership of goods or state control of the economy.

Answer 18

Socialism

Question 19

Popular theatrical entertainment begun around 1830, in which white actors in blackface presented comic routines that combined racist caricature and social criticism.

Answer 19

Minstrelsy

Question 20

The social reform movement to end slavery immediately and without compensation that began in the United States in the 1830s.

Answer 20

Abolitionism

Question 21

The first women’s rights convention in the United States. Held in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848

Answer 21

Seneca Falls Convention

Question 22

Leader of a slave revolt in Virginia, resulting in dozens being killed, many white

Answer 22

Nat Turner

Question 23

Granddaughter of prominent Bostonians, she worked to improve public institutions, and state asylums

Answer 23

Dorothea Dix

Question 24

Prominent women’s rights activist who helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention

Answer 24

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Question 25

Well-known women’s rights and suffrage activist who was also a teacher and temperance activist

Answer 25

Susan B Anthony

Question 26

The Old South gentry that built impressive mansions, adopted the manners and values of the English landed gentry, and feared federal government interference with their slave property.

Answer 26

Republican Aristocracy

Question 27

A society in which the institution of slavery affects all aspects of life.

Answer 27

Slave Society

Question 28

1836 defeat by the Mexican army of the Texan garrison defending the Alamo in San Antonio

Answer 28

Alamo

Question 29

President, and General of the Mexican Army who defeated the Americans at the Alamo

Answer 29

Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana