Unit 8 Test Part 1

Question 1

International Monetary Fund

Answer 1

An international organization established in 1945 to promote international trade and monetary cooperation and the stabilization of exchange rates. Member countries contribute in gold and in their own currencies to provide a reserve on which they may draw to meet foreign obligations during periods of deficit in their international balance of payments

Question 2

World Bank

Answer 2

an international bank established in 1944 to help member nations reconstruct and develop, especially by guaranteeing loans: a specialized agency of the United Nations

Question 3

Cold War

Answer 3

A constant nonviolent state of hostility between the Soviet Union and the US that began shortly after WWII

Question 4

Truman Doctrine

Answer 4

the principle that the US should give support to countries or peoples threatened by Soviet forces or communists. First expressed in 1947 by Pres. Truman in a speech to Congress seeking aid for Greece and Turkey. The doctrine was seen by the communists as an open declaration of the Cold War

Question 5

Marshall Plan

Answer 5

US program to give large amounts of economic aid to European countries to help them rebuild after WWII. It was proposed by the United States secretary of state, General George C. Marshall.

Question 6

Berlin blockade

Answer 6

one of the first major international crises of the Cold War. During the multinational occupation of post–WWII Germany, the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies’ railway, road, and canal access to the sectors of Berlin under allied control.

Question 7

NATO

Answer 7

an organization formed in Washington, D.C. (1949), comprising the 12 nations of the Atlantic Pact together with Greece, Turkey, and the Federal Republic of Germany, for the purpose of collective defense against aggression.

Question 8

Military Industrial complex

Answer 8

comprises the policy and monetary relationships which exist between legislators, national armed forces, and the arms industry that supports them, 1st use by Pres Eisenhower in his Farewell address

Question 9

Taft-Hartley Act

Answer 9

an act of the U.S. Congress (1947) that supersedes but continues most of the provisions of the National Labor Relations Act and restricts the activities and power of labor unions.

Question 10

Dixiecrat

Answer 10

former political party in the United States; formed in 1948 by Democrats from southern states in order to oppose to the candidacy of Harry S Truman; they supported states rights and were anti civil rights

Question 11

National Security Council

Answer 11

(NSC) is the President’s principal forum for considering national security and foreign policy matters with his senior national security advisors and cabinet officials.

Question 12

CIA

Answer 12

Central Intelligence Agency: the U.S. federal agency that coordinates governmental intelligence activities outside the United States, created in 1947 to coordinate and conduct espionage and intelligence

Question 13

House Un-American Activities Committee

Answer 13

a committee (1938–75) of the U.S. House of Representatives, created to investigate disloyalty and subversive organizations. Its first chairman, Martin Dies, set the pattern for its anti-Communist investigations.

Question 14

McCarthyism

Answer 14

campaign against alleged communists in the US government and other institutions carried out under Senator Joseph McCarthy in the period 1950–54

Question 15

G.I. Bill,

Answer 15

law passed in 1944 that provided educational and other benefits for people who had served in the armed forces in World War II. Benefits are still available to persons honorably discharged from the armed forces.

Question 16

16. Korean War

Answer 16

aka the Korean conflict, fought in the early 1950s between the United Nations, supported by the United States, and the communist Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea). The war began in 1950, when North Korea invaded South Korea.

Question 17

National Security Council Paper 68

Answer 17

(NSC-68) was a 58-paged top secret policy paper issued by the US National Security Council on April 14, 1950, during the presidency of Harry S. Truman. It was one of the most significant statements of American policy in the Cold War.

Question 18

Federal Highway Act of 1956

Answer 18

allocated more than $30 billion for the construction of some 41,000 miles of interstate highways; the largest public construction project in U.S. history to that date. by Pres Eisenhower

Question 19

National Defense Education Act

Answer 19

1958, providing funding to United States education institutions at all levels to fund for the advancement of education in the field of science, mathematics, and modern foreign languages; to provide US experts who could understand and interact with other cultures

Question 20

Elvis Presley

Answer 20

an American singer and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is often referred to as “the King of Rock and Roll”, or simply, “the King”.

Question 21

Beat movement

Answer 21

Beat generation; writers, artists, and young people that came of age after WWII who, supposedly as a result of disillusionment stemming from the Cold War, rejected conservative US culture

Question 22

Rock and roll

Answer 22

type of popular dance music originating in the 1950s, characterized by a heavy beat and simple melodies. Rock and roll was an amalgam of black rhythm and blues and white country music,

Question 23

Jack Kerouac

Answer 23

an American novelist and poet, a pioneer of the Beat Generation. Kerouac is recognized for his method of spontaneous prose

Question 24

24. Nikita Khrushchev

Answer 24

Stalin’s successor, wanted peaceful coexistence with the U.S. Eisenhower agreed to a summit conference with him, France and Great Britain in Geneva, Switzerland in July, 1955 to discuss how peaceful coexistence could be achieved

Question 25

25. Space race

Answer 25

20th-century (1955–1972) competition between two Cold War rivals, the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US), for supremacy in spaceflight capability.

Question 26

26. detente

Answer 26

is the name given to a period of improved relations between the United States and the Soviet Union that began tentatively in 1971 and took decisive form when President Richard M. Nixon visited the secretary-general of the Soviet Communist party, Leonid I. Brezhnev …

Question 27

27. Geneva Accord

Answer 27

relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War was adopted in 1929. It was significantly revised and replaced by the Third Geneva Convention of 1949. The Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War was adopted in 1949.

Question 28

28. New Frontier

Answer 28

A slogan used by President John F. Kennedy to describe his goals and policies. Kennedy maintained that, like the Americans of the frontier in the nineteenth century, Americans of the twentieth century had to rise to new challenges, such as achieving equality of opportunity for all.

Question 29

29. Alliance for Progress

Answer 29

initiated by U.S. President John F. Kennedy in 1961 aimed to establish economic cooperation between the U.S. and Latin America;a program of foreign aid presented by President Kennedy to help solve the economic and social problems of Latin America