Unit 7 Test 3

Question 1

National Industrial Recovery Act

Answer 1

NIRA, a law passed by the United States Congress in 1933 to authorize the President to regulate industry in an attempt to raise prices after severe deflation and stimulate economic recovery.

Question 2

Social Security Act of 1935,

Answer 2

part of FDR’s New Deal, a law establishing a permanent national old-age pension benefit system through employer and employee contributions, later amended to include victims of industrial accidents, people with disabilities, etc.

Question 3

National Labor Relations Act

Answer 3

an act of Congress (1935) that forbade any interference by employers with the formation and operation of labor unions — designed to protect the rights of employees and employers, to encourage collective bargaining, and to curtail private sector labor and management practices, which can harm the general welfare of workers and the U.S. economy, aka Wagner Act/NLRA

Question 4

Congress of Industrial Organizations

Answer 4

(CIO), proposed by John L. Lewis in 1928, was a federation of unions that organized workers in industrial unions in the United States and Canada from 1935 to 1955

Question 5

New Deal coalition

Answer 5

the alignment of interest groups and voting blocs that supported the New Deal and voted for Democratic presidential candidates from 1932 until the late 1960s.

Question 6

Dust Bowl

Answer 6

an area of Oklahoma, Kansas, and northern Texas devastated by severe soil erosion (caused by windstorms) in the early 1930s, which forced many people to move.

Question 7

Court Packing

Answer 7

an unsuccessful attempt by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1937 to appoint up to six additional justices to the Supreme Court to change the balance of opinion of the Court

Question 8

1938 Fair Labor Standards Act

Answer 8

(FLSA) established a minimum wage paid per hour of work, overtime pay, recordkeeping, and youth employment standards affecting full-time and part-time workers

Question 9

Blitzkrieg,

Answer 9

German for “lightning war.”-used by Germans in World War II., troops in vehicles, such as tanks, made quick surprise strikes with support from airplanes. These tactics resulted in the swift German conquest of France in 1940

Question 10

Neutrality Act of 1939

Answer 10

the 4th of the neutrality acts which were designed to keep the US out of WWII, the Neutrality Act of 1939 allowed for arms trade with belligerent nations (Great Britain and France) on a cash-and-carry basis, thus in effect ending the arms embargo.

Question 11

Axis Powers

Answer 11

the coalition headed by Germany, Italy, and Japan that opposed the Allied Powers in World War II.

Question 12

Lend-Lease Act

Answer 12

empowered the president to sell, transfer, lend, or lease war supplies to foreign nations during World War II

Question 13

Atlantic Charter

Answer 13

the joint declaration of President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill (August 14, 1941) resulting from a conference at sea, setting forth the peace aims of their governments for the period following World War II.

Question 14

War Powers Act,

Answer 14

War Powers Act of 1941, also known as the First War Powers Act, was an emergency law that increased the President’s power, allowing him to react quickly during a time of war. The act was signed by FDR and put into law on December 18, 1941, less than two weeks after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

Question 15

Operation Torch

Answer 15

Allied invasion of French North Africa in November 1942. Operation Torch was the first time the British and Americans organized a joint invasion plan

Question 16

Operation Overlord

Answer 16

code name for the Battle of Normandy, the Allied operation that launched the successful invasion of German-occupied western Europe during World War II. The operation ended with the Normandy landings (.D Day)

Question 17

D-Day

Answer 17

famous day when Allied forces invaded German occupied France with the Normandy beach landings on June 6 1944; (D Day was originally a military term for the launch day of an amphibious attack)

Question 18

Battle of the Bulge

Answer 18

the last major Nazi offensive against the Allies in WWII was a German campaign in the Ardennes forest in Belgium, France, and Luxembourg on the Western Front attempting to split the Allied forces in winter of 1944-45 but was ultimately unsuccessful

Question 19

Eastern Front

Answer 19

a theatre of conflict between the European Axis powers (and co-belligerent Finland) against the Soviet Union, Poland and other Allies. The area encompassed Northern, Southern and Central and Eastern Europe from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945

Question 20

Island hopping

Answer 20

a military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against Japan and the Axis powers which concentrated on specific islands important to the advance. aka Leap-frogging

Question 21

Holocaust,

Answer 21

the systematic mass slaughter of over 6 million European Jews by the Nazi regime during WWII-from the stripping of rights and property to mass evacuations and genocide through concentration camps from 1941-45

Question 22

Yalta Conference

Answer 22

a conference held in Yalta in February 1945 where Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill planned the final stages of World War II and agreed on the territorial division of Europe